Figure 2.

Protective effects of bortezomib on CCl₄- and thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Bortezomib (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected twice: first at 12 h and then at 1 h before CCl₄ (2 ml/kg) or TAA (200 mg/kg) treatment. The mice were sacrificed 24 h after the CCl₄ or TAA injection. (A) Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and H&E-stained sections of liver are shown for the CCl₄-injected group. (B) Serum AST, ALT levels, and H&E-stained liver sections are shown for the group injected with TAA. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM (n=4). ^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01, ^***p<0.001. Image magnification, ×100. Arrows indicate necrotic areas. The image is representative of four independent experiments.