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Average daily thermoregulatory energy expenditure (in kilojoules) in April (a) and May (b) for a little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) roosting at ambient temperature (Scenario 1), at a temperature typical for a temperate bat maternity roost (Scenario 2), in a heated bat house with ambient temperature (Ta) cycled to allow some torpor expression (Ta cycled; Scenario 3) and in a heated bat house maintained at a roost temperature within the thermoneutral zone (32°C; Scenario 4).
