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. 2016 Jan 12;37(3):565–574. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2457

Figure 2.

Figure 2

High glucose inhibits osteogenic differentiation. (A) Mineralized matrix formation was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining. mRNA expression levels of (B) the bone formation regulators, runt-related transcription factor (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and (C) the bone resorption regulators, carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in osteoblasts following exposure to high glucose for 4 days. (D) mRNA expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Values are expressed as the means ± SEM, n=3 parallel experiments in each group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control group (normal glucose).