Skip to main content
. 2016 Feb 29;11(2):e0150056. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150056

Table 2. Antimicrobial stewardship principles included in undergraduate education programmes, by discipline.

Antimicrobial stewardship principle Dentistry n/N (%) Medicine n/N (%) Nursing n/N (%) Pharmacy n/N (%) Veterinary Medicine n/N (%) Total n/N(%)
Minimisation of unnecessary prescribing of antimicrobials 13/13 (100) 21/22 (95.4) 19/33 (57.5) 14/14 (100) 5/6 (83.3) 72/88 (81.8)
Timing of antimicrobial administration 13/13 (100) 21/22 (95.4) 19/33 (57.5) 14/14 (100) 5/6 (83.3) 72/88 (81.8)
Therapeutic drug monitoring 2/12 (16.6) 20/22 (90.9) 13/32 (40.6) 11/14 (78.5) 4/6 (66.6) 50/86 (58.1)
Need for standard infection prevention and control precautions 13/13 (100) 22/22 (100) 32/33 (96.9) 12/14 (85.7) 5/6 (83.3) 83/88 (94.3)
Collection of appropriate specimens for microscopy, culture and sensitivity 9/13 (69.2) 21/22 (95.4) 26/33 (78.7) 12/14 (85.7) 5/6 (83.3) 73/88 (82.9)
Intravenous use only in severely ill patients, unable to tolerate oral treatment, or where oral treatment would not guarantee coverage or tissue penetration 7/13 (53.8) 18/22 (81.8) 14/32 (43.7) 10/13 (76.9) 4/6 (66.6) 53/86 (61.6)
Review microbiology results daily and de-escalate to pathogen-directed narrow-spectrum treatment promptly 4/13 (30.7) 18/22 (81.8) 10/32 (31.2) 11/14 (78.5) 4/6 (66.6) 47/87 (54.0)
Review need for intravenous treatment daily and switch to oral route promptly 3/13 (23.0) 18/22 (81.8) 9/32 (28.1) 10/14 (71.4) 4/6 (66.6) 44/87 (50.5)
Require single dose surgical prophylaxis regimens as appropriate 5/13 (38.4) 16/22 (72.7) 9/32 (28.1) 9/14 (64.2) 4/6 (66.6) 43/87 (49.4)