Table 4. Antimicrobial stewardship evaluation methodologies used in undergraduate programmes, by discipline.
| Dentistry (n = 15) | Vet Med (n = 6) | Pharmac (n = 14) | Medicine (n = 24) | Nursing (n = 26) | Total per approach | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSCE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| Written exam | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| No formal assessment | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Essay | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Clinical assessment | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Essay + OSCE | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Essay + written exam | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 |
| Essay + OSCE + other | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 20 |
| Essay + clinical assessment + other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| OSCE + written exam | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 7 |
| OSCE + presentation + other | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| OSCE + portfolio + other | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Other grouped categories | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 11 |
Other includes any of the following, single or in combination: Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE); multiple choice question; short assessment; long assessment; single best answer; student presentation.