TABLE 9.
PCR-based testing for CPOs in clinical specimens
| Target(s) | Methodology | Specimen type(s)b | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Limit(s) of detection (CFU/ml) | No. of specimens | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KPC | PCR | ES | 92.2 | 99.6 | Not calculated | 755 | 153 |
| KPC | qPCR | ES | 97 | 96.6 | 4 × 100–4 × 102 | 95 | 155 |
| KPC | qPCR | S, MC | 100 | 98 | 5 × 100 CFU/ml | 216 | 190 |
| VIM, IMP, KPC, OXA-48, NDM-1 | PCR (Hyplex SuperBug ID) | MC | 98.0 | 98.6 | Not calculated | 236 | 172 |
| OXA-48 | qPCR | PC, SS | 100 | 100 | 101–102 | 35 | 182 |
| KPC, NDM-1 | qPCR | S, SS | 100 | 100 | KPC, 104–105; NDM, 103 | 46/80a | 141 |
| KPC | qPCR (EasyQ KPC) | S | 93.3 | 99 | Not calculated | 806 | 193 |
| VIM, OXA-48, NDM, KPC | qPCR (Check-MDR Carba) | SS | 100 | 100 | 103–105 | 25 | 191 |
| KPC, NDM, VIM | qPCR (Xpert MDRO) | S, SS | 100 | 99 | <3 × 102 | 328 | 183 |
| KPC | qPCR | S | 97.9–100 | 95–96.4 | 5 × 100 | 187 | 152 |
| NDM-1 | qPCR | SS | 100 | Not calculated | 101–3 × 101 | 32 | 189 |
a
Specificity panel of 80 known negative specimens.
b
ES, stool or perirectal swab with prior enrichment; S: stool, stool swabs, or perirectal swabs; MC, mixed clinical specimens; SS, spiked stool or stool swabs; PC, pure cultures.