TABLE 2.
Genetic tools available for other obligate intracellular bacteria
| Organism(s) | Methoda | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum and A. marginale | Transposon mutagenesis (Himar1); electroporation | 86–88 |
| Coxiella burnetii | Shuttle vector; homologous recombination (single crossover) and episomal maintenance; Himar1 transposon mutagenesis; electroporation (preaxenic medium) | 89, 90 |
| Axenic medium | 83, 85 | |
| Shuttle vector (IncQ broad-host-range plasmid); Himar1 and Tn7 transposon mutagenesis; homologous recombination (sacB counterselection and Cre-lox-mediated genome editing); electroporation | 91–96 | |
| Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Group II intron (TargeTron) and transposon mutagenesis (Himar1); electroporation | 77 |
| Rickettsia prowazekii, R. typhi, R. conorii, R. monacensis, R. rickettsii, R. bellii | Homologous recombination (single and double crossover); EZ::TN and Himar1 transposon mutagenesis; shuttle vectors; group II intron (TargeTron); peptide nucleic acids (antisense; translation inhibition); electroporation | 30–34, 78, 97–105 |
a
Methods have not been validated for all species listed in each category.