FIG 14.

Four steps of pauses for each cycle during the packaging of phi29 dsDNA. (A) The presence of four lysine residues of motor channel protein leads to the formation of four positively charged rings within the negatively charged channels of different motors. (Adapted from reference 13 and adapted from reference 15 with permission from Elsevier.) (B) Diagram showing DNA revolution inside the phi29 connector channel with four steps of pauses due to the interaction of four positively charged lysine rings with the negatively charged dsDNA phosphate backbone. DNA revolution across the 12 connector channel subunits is shown. (Adapted from reference 15 with permission from Elsevier.) PDB codes: phi29 gp10, 1H5W; SPP1 gp6, 2JES; P22 gp1, 3LJ5.