Table 2. Patient details.

	n	%
Number of patients	227
Mean age, y (range)	57.6 (25–86)
Sex (male/female)	105/122
Comorbidities
Overweight (BMI 25–30)	62	27.3
Obesity (BMI > 30)	17	7.5
Cigarette smoking	36	16
Diabetes	20	8.8
Work-related injury	43	18
Pathologies
Degenerative disk disease with radiculopathy	104	45.8
Degenerative disk disease without radiculopathy	54	23.8
Spondylolisthesis	27	11.9
Failed posterior fusion	18	7.9
Scoliosis	14	6.2
Adjacent segment disease	10	4.4

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.