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ApVs and AmVs associate with the ER in ISE6 tick cells. Uninfected (C), A. phagocytophilium- (A), or A. marginale-infected ISE6 tick cells (B) were labeled with antibodies against either calreticulin or PDI in combination with APH0032 (for A. phagocytophilum) or Msp2 (for A. marginale) and examined using LSCM. Host nuclei and bacteria were stained blue with DAPI. Scale bars, 5 μm. Results shown are representative of two experiments with similar results.
