Table 1.
Physiological parameters in utero, during the asphyxia (8 min), during the recovery phase following asphyxia (10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 8 h), during umbilical cord administration (−15 min, 12 h, +15 m) and during the maintenance phase (24 h, 48 h, 72 h)
| Recovery | UCB administration | Maintenance | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | In utero | Asphyxia | 10 min | 30 min | 1 h | 2 h | 4 h | 8 h | −15 min | 12 h | +15 min | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
| pH | |||||||||||||||
| Control | 7.3 ± 0.0 | — | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | — | 7.3 ± 0.0 | — | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | |
| Control+UCB | 7.3 ± 0.0 | — | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | |
| Asphyxia | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 6.9 ± 0.0* | 7.1 ± 0.0* | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | — | 7.4 ± 0.0 | — | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | |
| Asphyxia+UCB | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 6.9 ± 0.0* | 7.1 ± 0.0* | 7.2 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | |
| Lactate | |||||||||||||||
| Control | 2.2 ± 0.2 | — | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | — | 4.7 ± 0.5 | — | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | |
| Control+UCB | 2.6 ± 0.1 | — | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 06 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.0 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | |
| Asphyxia | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 9.4 ± 0.6* | 7.4 ± 0.5* | 7.3 ± 0.6* | 6.1 ± 0.7* | 5.1 ± 0.5* | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 0.6* | — | 8.5 ± 0.8* | — | 5.0 ± 0.5* | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | |
| Asphyxia+UCB | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.5* | 7.5 ± 0.5* | 7.3 ± 0.4* | 5.5 ± 0.7* | 3.7 ± 0.3* | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 6.2 ± 0.8* | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 0.8* | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.6* | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | |
| Base excess | |||||||||||||||
| Control | −2.6 ± 2.0 | — | −7.3 ± 1.3 | −5.6 ± 0.9 | −4.9 ± 0.9 | −3.0 ± 0.9 | −4.8 ± 1.4 | −3.3 ± 0.9 | — | −2.5 ± 0.6 | — | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 1.3 | |
| Control+UCB | −1.5 ± 0.6 | — | −3.9 ± 0.9 | −1.7 ± 0.9 | −0.5 ± 1.5 | −0.9 ± 1.1 | −1.4 ± 1.0 | −3.7 ± 1.0 | −3.7 ± 1.0 | −1.9 ± 0.8 | −3.8 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | |
| Asphyxia | −2.6 ± 1.2 | −13.4 ± 0.7* | −14.0 ± 1.3* | −11.0 ± 1.0* | −8.4 ± 1.1* | −4.9 ± 1.0 | −4.6 ± 1.2 | −8.4 ± 1.5* | — | −7.6 ± 1.2* | — | −0.4 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | |
| Asphyxia+UCB | 0.1 ± 0.4 | −11.6 ± 0.6* | −12.2 ± 1.0* | −7.1 ± 0.7* | −3.9 ± 0.9 | −1.9 ± 0.5 | −0.4 ± 0.4* | −5.0 ± 1.0 | −4.9 ± 0.9 | −5.8 ± 0.8 | −6.7 ± 1.2 | −2.3 ± 1.3* | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 0.7 | |
| Bicarbonate | |||||||||||||||
| Control | 24 ± 2 | — | 21 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 23 ± 1 | 21 ± 2 | 22 ± 1 | — | 24 ± 1 | — | 27 ± 1 | 29 ± 1 | 28 ± 1 | |
| Control+UCB | 23 ± 2 | — | 24 ± 1 | 27 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 21 ± 1 | 21 ± 1 | 22 ± 1 | 22 ± 0 | 24 ± 1 | 27 ± 1 | 26 ± 0 | |
| Asphyxia | 26 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 16 ± 1* | 17 ± 1* | 19 ± 1* | 21 ± 1 | 21 ± 1 | 19 ± 1* | — | 24 ± 1 | — | 24 ± 1 | 29 ± 1 | 27 ± 1 | |
| Asphyxia+UCB | 28 ± 0 | 25 ± 1 | 18 ± 1* | 20 ± 1* | 23 ± 1 | 24 ± 0 | 24 ± 0 | 20 ± 1 | 22 ± 1 | 21 ± 1* | 19 ± 1 | 22 ± 1* | 28 ± 1 | 28 ± 1 | |
|
|
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| Control | 27 ± 1 | — | 37 ± 6 | 42 ± 7 | 47 ± 5 | 37 ± 4 | 49 ± 3 | 61 ± 10 | — | 50 ± 6 | — | 58 ± 5 | 70 ± 4 | 74 ± 4 | |
| Control+UCB | 32 ± 2 | — | 36 ± 9 | 41 ± 7 | 72 ± 16 | 55 ± 7 | 77 ± 5 | 57 ± 13 | 60 ± 10 | 65 ± 5 | 53 ± 0 | 76 ± 9 | 81 ± 10 | 88 ± 12 | |
| Asphyxia | 26 ± 1 | 6.8 ± 1.8* | 57 ± 6* | 54 ± 5 | 58 ± 7 | 63 ± 8 | 68 ± 5 | 71 ± 6 | — | 68 ± 6* | — | 78 ± 6 | 72 ± 5 | 81 ± 6 | |
| Asphyxia+UCB | 25 ± 2 | 6.1 ± 1.2* | 69 ± 11* | 58 ± 7 | 50 ± 8 | 43 ± 3 | 56 ± 6 | 55 ± 5 | 55 ± 5 | 70 ± 10* | 81 ± 9 | 90 ± 6 | 75 ± 9 | 82 ± 4 | |
|
|
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| Control | 57 ± 5 | — | 58 ± 5 | 71 ± 7 | 65 ± 9 | 52 ± 3 | 50 ± 5 | 49 ± 2 | — | 41 ± 1 | — | 41 ± 1 | 47 ± 2 | 46 ± 2 | |
| Control+UCB | 74 ± 5 | — | 63 ± 12 | 65 ± 1 | 48 ± 4 | 51 ± 2 | 48 ± 1 | 42 ± 2 | 42 ± 2 | 39 ± 1 | 42 ± 3 | 41 ± 2 | 43 ± 1 | 42 ± 1 | |
| Asphyxia | 69 ± 1 | 139 ± 6* | 60 ± 6 | 52 ± 2* | 51 ± 5 | 50 ± 4 | 44 ± 2 | 42 ± 4 | — | 42 ± 4 | — | 42 ± 4 | 47 ± 3 | 42 ± 1 | |
| Asphyxia+UCB | 63 ± 6 | 140 ± 5* | 61 ± 7 | 50 ± 2* | 53 ± 4 | 58 ± 2 | 47 ± 2 | 41 ± 2 | 45 ± 3 | 43 ± 1 | 40 ± 2 | 40 ± 1 | 42 ± 1 | 44 ± 1 | |
In utero there is no difference between groups. The asphyxia insult causes a derangement in pH, lactate, base excess, and by 8 min into the asphyxia. Bicarbonate is decreased by 10 min following birth. In asphyxia groups these factors return to control levels within 4 h after birth (pH: 30 min; lactate: 4 h; base excess: 2 h; bicarbonate: 2 h; : 30 min; : 1 h). A second derangement is seen between 4 and 24 h in some groups (lactate: 8–24 h; base excess: 4–24 h; bicarbonate: 8–24 h; : 12 h). There was no significant change in parameters with UCB administration. All factors showed significant differences for time and group.
*Versus Control±UCB (P < 0.05).