Table 5.

Age- and gender-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of risk factors in the studied cohort.

Risk factors	Age- and gender-adjusted			Multivariate-adjusted
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Age ≥ 45 years	—	—	—	4.50	2.87–7.07	<0.0001
Male gender	—	—	—	1.86	1.61–2.15	<0.0001
Hypertension	5.72	5.02–6.52	<0.0001	4.09	3.40–4.91	<0.0001
Peripheral vascular disease	3.07	1.59–5.93	0.001	1.33	0.41–4.34	0.633
Coronary heart disease	2.49	2.22–2.78	<0.0001	1.49	1.27–1.76	<0.0001
DM duration ≥10 years	2.19	1.92–2.50	<0.0001	1.57	1.31–1.88	<0.0001
Nephropathy	1.94	1.72–2.19	<0.0001	1.18	0.99–1.40	0.064
Insulin use	1.86	1.69–2.05	<0.0001	1.44	1.25–1.67	<0.0001
Smoking	1.37	1.13–1.67	0.001	1.23	0.97–1.55	0.086
Hyperlipidemia	1.54	1.41–1.70	<0.0001	1.30	1.13–1.49	<0.0001
Retinopathy	1.35	1.20–1.51	<0.0001	1.01	0.86–1.18	0.897
Peripheral neuropathy	1.10	0.83–1.46	0.515	—	—	—