Table 1.
Characteristics of women with and without tuberculosis-associated ICD-9 diagnosis during delivery hospitalization, Washington State, 1987–2012.
| Maternal characteristic | % Missing | Maternal TB (N = 134) | No maternal TB (N = 536) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n ∗ (%) | n ∗ (%) | ||
| Age (years) | 0 | ||
| <20 | 14 (10.5) | 54 (10.1) | |
| 20–29 | 80 (59.7) | 294 (54.9) | |
| ≥30 | 40 (29.9) | 188 (35.1) | |
| Median age (IQR) | 26 (22–31) | 27 (23–32) | |
| Ethnicity | 2.2 | ||
| White | 27 (20.5) | 415 (79.4) | |
| Black | 14 (10.6) | 13 (2.5) | |
| Asian | 33 (25.0) | 28 (5.4) | |
| Hispanic | 52 (39.4) | 47 (9.0) | |
| Native American | 6 (4.6) | 18 (3.4) | |
| Other non-white | 0 (0) | 2 (0.4) | |
| Education | 34.8 | ||
| <High school graduate | 51 (59.3) | 60 (17.1) | |
| High school graduate | 35 (40.7) | 291 (82.9) | |
| Median year of education (IQR) | 10 (9–12) | 13 (12–16) | |
| Urban residence§ | 10.3 | 96 (80.7) | 360 (74.7) |
| Income (dollars)‡ | 8.1 | ||
| <35,000 | 63 (52.5) | 209 (42.1) | |
| 35,000–49,999 | 48 (40.0) | 174 (35.1) | |
| ≥50,000 | 9 (7.5) | 113 (22.8) | |
| Median income (in thousands) (IQR) | 34 (26–40) | 37 (31–48) | |
| Single marital status | 0.2 | 49 (36.6) | 154 (28.8) |
| Foreign born | 0 | 105 (78.4) | 90 (16.8) |
| Maternal country of origin¶ | 1.5 | ||
| Low-income | 53 (40.5) | 235 (44.4) | |
| Middle-income | 32 (24.4) | 173 (32.7) | |
| High-income | 46 (35.1) | 121 (22.9) | |
| Parity | 1.5 | ||
| 0 | 53 (40.5) | 235 (44.4) | |
| 1 | 32 (24.4) | 173 (32.7) | |
| ≥2 | 46 (35.1) | 121 (22.9) | |
| Prenatal care utilization† | 11.2 | ||
| <80% PNC visits | 53 (46.9) | 157 (32.6) | |
| 80–109% PNC visits | 36 (31.9) | 248 (51.5) | |
| ≥110% PNC visits | 24 (21.2) | 77 (16.0) | |
| Body mass index (BMI)# | 72.5 | ||
| BMI < 18.5 underweight | 0 (0) | 4 (2.6) | |
| BMI 18.5–24.9 normal | 18 (56.3) | 76 (50.0) | |
| BMI 25.0–29.9 overweight | 8 (25.0) | 38 (25.0) | |
| BMI ≥ 30.0 obese class I–III | 6 (18.8) | 34 (22.4) | |
| Median BMI (IQR) | 23.6 (20.7–27.9) | 24.8 (22.2–29.4) | |
| Weight gain in pregnancy (lbs)∗∗ | 28.7 | ||
| Loss or no gain | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | |
| 1–9.9 | 6 (6.7) | 12 (3.1) | |
| 10–19.9 | 17 (18.9) | 40 (10.3) | |
| 20–39.9 | 48 (53.3) | 205 (52.8) | |
| >40 | 19 (21.1) | 129 (33.3) | |
| Median pregnancy weight gain (IQR) | 26 (19–37) | 33 (25–40) | |
| Gestational diabetes | 0 | 8 (6.0) | 20 (3.7) |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 5.5 | 8 (6.4) | 80 (15.8) |
∗Numbers may not add up to totals because of missing data.
§Estimated by linking birth certificates to census tract records from U.S. Census Bureau 2000.
‡Estimated by linking birth certificates to census tract records from U.S. Census Bureau 2000, median income per census tract.
¶Per World Bank gross national income index classifications. Lower-middle and upper-middle income countries are categorized together as middle-income.
†Kotelchuck index classifies prenatal care based on birth certificate data on date prenatal care was initiated and number of prenatal visits.
#BMI was not available on the birth certificate before 2003.
∗∗Weight gain during pregnancy was recorded on birth certificates from 1988 on, however pre-pregnancy weight was only available after 1992.