. 2016 Mar 1;10:50. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00050

Table 2.

Behavioral performance.

	Controls	ADHD	TS	Repeated Measure ANOVA			ANCOVA
	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Outcome	Group	Outcome × group	Group	Covariates
RT CC (ms)	646.44 ± 19.69	677.37 ± 18.43	652.99 ± 21.26	$F_{(2, 192)} = 136.9, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.59$	$F_{(2, 96)} = 2.85, p = 0.06, η_{p}^{2} = 0.06$	F_{(4, 192)} = 1.14, n.s.	F_{(2, 94)} = 0.65, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 11.77, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.11$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 64.68, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.41$
RT IC (ms)	773.11 ± 25.73	840.70 ± 24.01	789.58 ± 27.77				F_{(2, 94)} = 1.77, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 10.19, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.09$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 61.04, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.39$
RT error (ms)	624.42 ± 29.70	644.70 ± 27.79	627.28 ± 32.06				F_{(2, 94)} = 0.13, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 7.5, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.07$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 34.06, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.27$
IIV CC (ms)	209.48 ± 10.98	245.21 ± 10.27	231.66 ± 11.85	$F_{(2, 192)} = 25.46, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.21$	$F_{(2, 96)} = 5.68, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.11$	F_{(4, 192)} = 0.71, n.s.	F_{(2, 94)} = 2.46, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 14.43, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.13$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 32.72, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.26$
IIV IC (ms)	245.13 ± 12.95	261.21 ± 12.12	266.46 ± 13.98				F_{(2, 94)} = 0.66, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 12.66, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.12$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 22.48, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.19$
IIV error (ms)	271.01 ± 20.41	309.89 ± 19.09	290.70 ± 22.03				F_{(2, 94)} = 0.83, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 7.75, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.08$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 26.73, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.22$
Compatible errors(%)	6.57 ± 1.07	7.85 ± 1.01	9.32 ± 1.26	$F_{(1, 96)} = 142.14, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.6$	$F_{(2, 96)} = 2.46, p = 0.09, η_{p}^{2} = 0.05$	$F_{(2, 96)} = 3.01, p = 0.06, η_{p}^{2} = 0.06$	F_{(2, 92)} = 1.47, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 7.12, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.07$
Incompatible errors (%)	18.96 ± 2.37	20.65 ± 2.21	21.78 ± 2.56				F_{(2, 92)} = 0.32, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 92)} = 9.53, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.003$
Responses < 200 ms (n)	6.79 ± 2.64	4.77 ± 2.47	9.01 ± 2.85				F_{(2, 94)} = 0.63, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 8.35, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.08$
Responses >2000 ms (n)	12.49 ± 3.59	21.65 ± 3.36	11.73 ± 3.87				F_{(2, 94)} = 2.29, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 7.22, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.07$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 23.22, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.19$
PES (ms)	79.47 ± 20.71	87.11 ± 19.38	36.73 ± 22.36				F_{(2, 94)} = 1.67, n.s.
Overall RT (ms)	695.49 ± 22.16	735.80 ± 20.73	690.72 ± 23.92				F_{(2, 94)} = 1.21, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 8.01, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.08$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 56.71, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.38$
Overall IIV (ms)	255.11 ± 11.26	286.59 ± 10.53	270.25 ± 12.15				F_{(2, 94)} = 1.8, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 94)} = 17.21, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.15$ ; Age $F_{(1, 94)} = 38.29, p < 0.001, η_{p}^{2} = 0.29$
Overall RACC (%)	86.68 ± 1.63	86.54 ± 1.52	84.64 ± 1.75				F_{(2, 92)} = 0.25, n.s.	FSIQ $F_{(1, 92)} = 10.05, p < 0.01, η_{p}^{2} = 0.10$

CC, compatible correct; IC, incompatible correct; PES, post-error slowing; RT, reaction time; IIV, intraindividual variability; RACC, response accuracy; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; ANOVA, analysis of variance, ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; TS, Tourette syndrome; SD, standard deviation; n.s., not significant; Responses >2000 ms are considered equivalent to omissions, Responses < 200 ms are considered false alarms.