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. 2016 Mar 1;6:22096. doi: 10.1038/srep22096

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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(A,B) Environmentally enriched housing rescued the impairment in memory retention of fear conditioning in aged rats. (A) Experimental timeline for environmental enrichment and fear conditioning. (B) Freezing scores during the STM test, LTM test 1, and remote memory test (LTM test 2). *p < 0.05, compared with young SE group. n = 8–10 per experimental condition. (C–F) Environmentally enriched housing improved memory retention in aged rats in the MWM task. (C) Experimental timeline for environmental enrichment and the MWM task. (D) Quadrant time during the STM and LTM probe tests. *p < 0.05, compared with young SE group. n = 8–10 per experimental condition. (E) Swimming paths during LTM probe test. (F) Cue test. (G–I) Environmentally enriched housing improved memory retention in aged rats in the NOR task. (G) Experimental timeline for environmental enrichment and the NOR task. (H) Exploration time during the STM and LTM tests. *p < 0.05, compared with age-matched familiar group. n = 8–10 per experimental condition. (I) Discrimination index. *p < 0.05, compared with young SE group. n = 8–10 per experimental condition. EE, environmentally enriched housing; SE, standard-environment housing.