. 2016 Feb 15;8(2):54. doi: 10.3390/nu8020054

Table 2.

Anthropometric, biochemical, food intake and physical activity variables of the study groups ¹.

	OBMS n = 32	OB n = 32	AW n = 32	p *^,†
Anthropometric
BMI kg/m²	31.1 ± 5.0 ^{a, 2}	27.1 ± 2.9 ^b	20.2 ± 2.3 ^c	<0.001 *
Waist circumference cm	91.2 ± 10.9 ^a	80.5 ± 5.6 ^b	67.6 ± 5.4 ^c	<0.001 *
Subscapular fold mm	29.9 ± 10.9 ^a	25.5 ± 8.1 ^a	11.5 ± 3.5 ^b	<0.001 *
Triceps fold mm	25.2 ± 6.7 ^a	23.6 ± 6.2 ^a	12.9 ± 4.1 ^b	<0.001 *
% fat	38.1 (18.7) ^a	34.7 (15.8) ^a	22.2 (14.2) ^b	<0.001 ^†
Biochemical
Blood glucose mg/dL	90.3 ± 8.2 ^a	83.7 ± 7.5 ^b	83.3 ± 6.9 ^b	<0.001 *
Insulin mU/L	25.7 (12.4) ^a	11.5 (7.8) ^b	7.1(4.1) ^c	<0.001 ^†
HOMA	3.2 (1.7) ^a	1.5 (1.0) ^b	0.9(0.5) ^c	<0.001 ^†
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	192.6 ± 50.3 ^a	172.3 ± 34.5	162.1 ± 27.9 ^b	<0.001 *
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	162 (94) ^a	92 (37) ^b	71 (32) ^c	<0.001 ^†
HDL-C (mg/dL)	38 (6) ^a	45 (15) ^b	54 (15) ^c	<0.001 ^†
LDL-C (mg/dL)	99 (61) ^a	88 (37) ^a	79 (31) ^b	<0.001 ^†
hsCRP (mg/dL)	1.7 (2.9) ^a	0.9 (2.5) ^a	0.4 (0.7) ^b	<0.001 ^†
Nutrient consumption/day
Kilocalories	2238 (436) ^a	2007 (264) ^a	2442 (229) ^b	<0.001 ^†
Total fat (g)	79.5 (14.6) ^a	70.3 (12.5) ^b	96.9 (44.0) ^c	<0.001 ^†
Saturated fat (g)	31.3 (9.2)	28.5 (8.3) ^a	36.4 (20.1) ^b	0.015 ^†
Monounsaturated fat (g)	26.7 (5.1) ^a	25.5 (3.5) ^a	30.0 (1.7) ^b	<0.001 ^†
Polyunsaturated fat (g)	16.3 (1.6) ^a	15.4 (1.5) ^b	15.7 (1.8) ^c	0.004 ^†
Total carbohydrates (g)	294 (50) ^a	276 (57) ^a	329 (36) ^b	<0.001 ^†
Complex carbohydrates (g)	232 (58) ^a	222 (51) ^a	263 (28) ^b	<0.001 ^†
Fiber (g)	14 ± 2 ^a	14 ± 3 ^a	16 ± 1 ^b	0.001 *
Physical activity
METs/day	61.5 (15.4)	61.1 (10.0)	62.8 (14.7)	0.88 ^†
MVPA Blocks	1.3 (3.60)	1.3 (2.3)	1.0 (2.5)	0.317 ^†
VPA Blocks	0.1 (1.0)	0.3 (1.0)	0.0 (1.3)	0.991 ^†
Hours of TV/day	3.6 ± 1.7	3.8 ± 2.7	3.3 ± 3.1	0.57 *

OBMS: obesity with metabolic syndrome; OB: obesity; AW: Appropriate weight; BMI: Body Mass Index; HOMA: Homeostasis Model Assessment; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MET: Metabolic equivalent; MVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity; VPA: vigorous physical activity; ¹ Averages ± standard deviations and medians (interquartile ranges); ² Different letters between lines show significant differences between groups; * ANOVA with Scheffé or ^† Kruskal-Wallis with Mann–Whitney U post-test.