Table 1.
Scavenging activity of myricetin towards various radicals and ions. DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; TEAC, Tetraethylammonium Chloride; ORAC, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; FRAP, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; NO, Nitric Oxide.
| Assay | Results | Control | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DPPH | At 1 mg/mL inhibited DPPH radical by 71.5%. IC50 value was found to be 9 µg/mL | α-tocopherol (IC50 = 26 µg/mL) and BHT (IC50 = 30 µg/mL Trolox (1 mg/mL) inhibited DPPH radical by 61.5% | [20] |
| At 0.01 mM (3.2 µg/mL), 0.1 mM (32 μg/mL) and 1 mM (320 µg/mL) inhibited DPPH radical by 85.6%, 92.8% and 96.9%, respectively, whereas IC50 value was 4 µM (1.3 µg/mL) | β-Actin as internal control | [21] | |
| At 40 µg/mL inhibited DPPH radical by 78% | Rutin (85% inhibition) at 40 µg/mL | [22] | |
| Superoxide | Inhibited by 24.6%, 79.5% and 96.4% when applying concentrations of 0.001 mM (0.32 µg/mL), 0.01 mM (3.2 µg/mL) and 0.1 mM (32 µg/mL), respectively, while IC50 was calculated as 0.6 µM (0.2 µg/mL) | β-Actin as internal control | [21] |
| At 1.86 μg/mL, scavenged superoxide radicals in the nitroblue tetrazolium hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase assay | Ascorbic acid (IC50 5.8 µg/mL) | [23] | |
| TEAC | Activity of 2.40 mM (764 μg/mL) trolox/mg sample after 20 min. The IC50 value was found to 22 µg/mL | Trolox (0.2 mg/mL) | [24] |
| ORAC | 1620 µmol trolox equivalent/g (515 mg/g) | - | [25] |
| FRAP | 590 µmol Fe2+/L at 10 µM (0.32 μg/mL) | Gallic acid | [26] |
| Ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation | Inhibited in rat brain by 92%, 95% and 95% at 0.1, 1.0 and 4.0 mM myricetin, respectively (concentrations correspond to 32, 320 μg/mL and 1.3 mg/mL, respectively). | Ascorbic acid (0.1 or 1.0 mM) | [27] |
| Ferrous sulfate-induced lipid peroxidation | Inhibited in rat brain by 28%, 71% and 91% at 0.1, 1.0 and 4.0 mM myricetin, respectively (concentrations correspond to 32, 320 μg/mL and 1.3 mg/mL, respectively). | Ferrous sulfate (1.0 mM) | [27] |
| Oleic acid triglyceride | Inhibited oleic acid-induced triglyceride over-accumulation towards HepG2 cells by 24.8% with IC30 > 150 µM (47 µg/mL) | - | [28] |
| ROS | 34.5% inhibition with IC30 122.7 µM (39.0 µg/mL) | - | [28] |
| NO | At a dosage of 50 mg/kg, decreased NO production by 56.7, 31.4, 7.7, 48.9 and 53.4 ng/g tissue in the brain cortex, liver, kidney, blood and lungs, respectively, of intact rats. Together with lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) and at the same concentration, decreased the level of NO production in these organs by 206.5, 1008.3, 337.0, 542.8 and 824.8 ng/g tissue, respectively | - | [29] |
| NO-scavenging capacity with kAOx/kPTIO value of 1.2 TEU | Trolox (7.3 TEU) | [30] | |
| Collagenase in human dermal fibroblasts | Inhibited by 12.7% and 29.6%.at myricetin concentration of 0.1 (32 μg/mL) and 0.2 mM (64 μg/mL), respectively | 1,10-phenanthroline (39.4% and 75.1%, respectively) | [21] |
| Peroxynitrite anions | Antioxidant effects against peroxynitrite anions, chemiluminescence initiated by peroxynitrite in rat liver homogenate and lucigenin chemiluminescence in aortic rings with IC50 values of 35, 20 and 32 μM, respectively | - | [31] |