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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2015 Apr 22;521(7550):74–76. doi: 10.1038/nature14414

Extended Data Table 1: Concentrations of neonicotinoids reported in floral nectar.

Source Imidacloprid Thiamethoxam Clothianidin
ng/g PPB nM ng/g PPB nM ng/g PPB nM
Schmuck et al. 20017 1.9 1.9 7.43 - - - - - -
Pohorecka et al. 201238 0.6 0.6 2.34 4.2 4.2 14 2.3 2.3 9.2
Dively and Kamel 20126 0.4-11 0.4-11 1.5-43 8.2-9.5 8.2-9.5 28-37 - - -
Stoner and Eitzer 201238 10 10 39 11 11 37 - - -
Byrne et al. 201339 2.9-39 2.9-39 11-154 - - - - - -
Larson et al. 201340 - - - - - - 171 171 684
Pilling et al. 201341 - - - 0.65-2.4 0.65-2.4 2.2-8.2 - - -
Defra 201342 0.13 - 0.5 1-3.9 1-3.9 3.4-13 0.18-4 0.18-4 0.7-16