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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: AERA Open. 2016 January-March;2(1):1–26. doi: 10.1177/2332858415625227

Table 4.

Descriptive information on motivation measures for prior (7th grade) achievement bins by eighth grade math course placement (N=3,306 students)

General Math Algebra
mean SD mean SD p-value of
difference
Motivational measures, Fall–Low prior achievement
 Mastery 3.66 0.91 3.85 0.88 0.57
 Performance approach 2.64 1.07 2.45 1.13 0.28
 Performance avoidance 2.64 1.00 2.45 0.85 0.26
 Self-Efficacy 3.05 0.86 2.94 0.89 0.43
 Task value 3.33 0.59 3.24 0.67 0.37
Motivational measures, Fall–Average prior achievement
 Mastery 3.72 0.92 3.81 0.88 0.01**
 Performance approach 2.47 1.06 2.51 1.06 0.64
 Performance avoidance 2.43 1.05 2.35 1.00 0.17
 Self-Efficacy 3.59 0.79 3.31 0.84 0.14
 Task value 3.47 0.60 3.50 0.63 0.04
Motivational measures, Fall–High prior achievement
 Mastery 3.62 0.93 3.86 0.88 0.03*
 Performance approach 2.47 1.06 2.41 1.04 0.44
 Performance avoidance 2.46 1.00 2.28 1.00 0.04*
 Self-Efficacy 3.22 0.85 3.65 0.83 0.33
 Task value 3.40 0.63 3.61 0.66 0.01**
Motivational measures, Spring–Low prior achievement
 Mastery 3.41 1.01 3.56 0.83 0.38
 Performance approach 2.28 1.02 2.21 0.91 0.65
 Performance avoidance 2.03 0.94 2.09 0.86 0.66
 Self-Efficacy 2.97 0.92 2.83 0.93 0.34
 Task value 3.23 0.61 3.13 0.74 0.27
Motivational measures, Spring–Average prior achievement
 Mastery 3.42 1.05 3.49 0.94 0.09
 Performance approach 2.10 0.94 2.11 0.94 0.77
 Performance avoidance 1.87 0.91 1.96 0.91 0.05
 Self-Efficacy 3.50 0.84 3.02 0.86 0.00**
 Task value 3.28 0.66 3.22 0.66 0.17
Motivational measures, Spring–High prior achievement
 Mastery 3.36 1.03 3.67 0.96 0.00**
 Performance approach 2.14 0.97 2.13 0.96 0.61
 Performance avoidance 1.84 0.85 1.87 0.89 0.99
 Self-Efficacy 3.24 0.94 3.46 0.93 0.57
 Task value 3.29 0.66 3.42 0.69 0.01**

Notes. Motivation scales = 1 – 5; Prior achievement bins: high prior achievement = Proficient or Advanced (math scale score range = 350-600); average prior achievement = Basic (math scale score range = 300-349); low prior achievement = Below Basic or Far Below Basic (math scale score range = 150-299).

*

p < 0.05,

**

p < 0.01,

***

p < 0.001