Table 6.
Standardized regression coefficients predicting students’ efficacy and value (N=3,306)
| Dependent variable = students’ spring, 8th grade self-efficacy and value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel 1. Direct Associations | Panel B. Moderated Associations | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Self-Efficacy | Task Value | Self-Efficacy | Task Value | |
|
|
||||
| Algebra |
−0.26***
(0.04) |
−0.14**
(0.05) |
−0.31***
(0.05) |
−0.18***
(0.05) |
| High prior achievement X Algebra |
0.26***
(0.03) |
0.17***
(0.04) |
||
| Low prior achievement X Algebra |
−0.11 (0.10) |
−0.04 (0.11) |
||
| Controls | ||||
| Prior math achievement |
0.20*** (0.02) |
0.09*** (0.02) |
||
| High prior math achievement |
0.02 (0.04) |
−0.00 (0.05) |
||
| Low prior math achievement |
−0.20*** (0.04) |
−0.04 (0.04) |
||
| Hispanic | −0.05 (0.06) |
0.01 (0.06) |
−0.04 (0.06) |
0.01 (0.06) |
| Vietnamese | −0.01 (0.07) |
0.08 (0.07) |
−0.01 (0.07) |
0.06 (0.07) |
| Other | 0.04 (0.08) |
0.08 (0.07) |
0.04 (0.08) |
0.08 (0.07) |
| English Learner | 0.07 (0.04) |
0.12*** (0.03) |
0.06 (0.04) |
0.12*** (0.03) |
| Free/reduced lunch | −0.04 (0.04) |
0.02 (0.03) |
−0.04 (0.04) |
0.02 (0.03) |
| Male | 0.05 (0.03) |
−0.12*** (0.03) |
0.05 (0.03) |
−0.12*** (0.03) |
| Cohort dummy | 0.02 (0.04) |
0.08* (0.04) |
0.02 (0.04) |
0.07 (0.04) |
| Self-efficacy, fall | 0.53*** (0.02) |
0.53*** (0.02) |
||
| Task value, fall | 0.61*** (0.01) |
0.61*** (0.02) |
||
| Constant | 0.79*** (0.16) |
0.48*** (0.08) |
0.83*** (0.14) |
0.49*** (0.09) |
| R 2 | 0.354 | 0.409 | 0.355 | 0.411 |
| N | 3,100 | 3,106 | 3,100 | 3,106 |
Note. Standard errors in parentheses; time-invariant school characteristics are controlled in the analysis with school “fixed effects”, which amounts to including dummy variables for all but one school (using Stata’s xtreg command). Fixed effects estimates are based on within-school variation in dependent and independent variables. Algebra is in reference to the base category consisting of eighth grade students enrolled in General Mathematics. Controls are in reference to White, Female, English Only (EO), and non National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participants.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.