Table 5b.
Standardized regression coefficients predicting students’ achievement goals (N=3,306 students)
| Dependent variable = students’ spring, 8th grade achievement goals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A. Direct Associations | Panel B. Moderated Associations | |||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Mastery | Performance Approach |
Performance Avoid |
Mastery | Performance Approach |
Performance Avoid |
|
| Algebra | 0.03 (0.05) |
−0.05 (0.05) |
0.13* (0.05) |
0.03 (0.05) |
−0.06 (0.05) |
0.12* (0.05) |
| Algebra X Prior math achievement |
0.08 (0.05) |
0.10* (0.04) |
0.04 (0.05) |
|||
| Controls | ||||||
| Prior math achievement |
0.07** (0.03) |
0.01 (0.03) |
−0.04 (0.02) |
0.04 (0.04) |
−0.04 (0.03) |
−0.06 (0.04) |
| Hispanic | 0.04 (0.06) |
−0.01 (0.05) |
−0.09 (0.06) |
0.04 (0.06) |
−0.01 (0.05) |
−0.09 (0.06) |
| Vietnamese | 0.10 (0.07) |
0.15* (0.07) |
0.05 (0.07) |
0.09 (0.07) |
0.14* (0.07) |
0.05 (0.07) |
| Other | 0.15 (0.08) |
−0.00 (0.06) |
−0.13 (0.07) |
0.15 (0.08) |
−0.01 (0.06) |
−0.13 (0.07) |
| English Learner |
0.11** (0.04) |
0.04 (0.03) |
0.04 (0.03) |
0.10** (0.04) |
0.04 (0.03) |
0.04 (0.03) |
| Free/reduced lunch |
−0.02 (0.04) |
0.03 (0.03) |
0.02 (0.05) |
−0.02 (0.04) |
0.03 (0.03) |
0.02 (0.05) |
| Male | −0.11*** (0.03) |
0.05 (0.03) |
0.11** (0.03) |
−0.11*** (0.03) |
0.05 (0.03) |
0.11** (0.03) |
| Cohort dummy |
0.03 (0.04) |
0.10** (0.04) |
−0.19*** (0.04) |
0.03 (0.04) |
0.10* (0.04) |
−0.19*** (0.04) |
| Mastery, fall |
0.55*** (0.02) |
0.54*** (0.02) |
||||
| Performance approach, fall |
0.61*** (0.02) |
0.61*** (0.02) |
||||
| Performance avoid, fall |
0.41*** (0.02) |
0.41*** (0.02) |
||||
| Constant | 0.64*** (0.12) |
0.04 (0.13) |
−0.31 (0.35) |
0.63*** (0.12) |
0.03 (0.13) |
−0.31 (0.36) |
| R2 | 0.335 | 0.379 | 0.186 | 0.336 | 0.380 | 0.187 |
| N | 3,061 | 3,092 | 3,065 | 3,061 | 3,092 | 3,065 |
Note. Standard errors in parentheses; time-invariant school characteristics are controlled in the analysis with school “fixed effects”, which amounts to including dummy variables for all but one school (using Stata’s xtreg command). Fixed effects estimates are based on within-school variation in dependent and independent variables. Algebra is in reference to the base category consisting of eighth grade students enrolled in general mathematics courses. Controls are in reference to White, Female, English Only (EO), and non National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participants.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001