Table 6.
Associations between sedentary behaviour prevalence, health behaviour, mental health and protective factor variables in school going adolescents by gender from 7 ASEAN countries.
| Variable | Boys | Girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Socio-demographics | ||||
| Age in years | ||||
| 13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 14 | 1.38 (1.16–1.65) *** | 1.46 (1.21–1.77) *** | 1.28 (1.04–1.59) * | 1.29 (1.00–1.66) * |
| 15 | 1.43 (1.15–1.77) *** | 1.47 (1.16–1.86) *** | 1.45 (1.16–1.81) *** | 1.54 (1.20–1.96) *** |
| Hunger | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rarely | 1.23 (1.05–1.44) * | 1.16 (0.96–1.39) | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | 0.98 (0.85–1.14) |
| Sometimes/mostly/always | 0.83 (0.71–0.96) * | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) ** | 0.79 (0.67–0.94) ** |
| Country income | ||||
| Upper middle income | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Low income/Lower middle income | 0.66 (0.58–0.75) *** | 0.63 (0.51–0.78) *** | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) *** | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) ** |
| Health risk status and behaviour | ||||
| BMI weight status | ||||
| Normal weight/Underweight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight or obese | 1.63 (1.36–1.96) *** | 1.57 (1.26–1.96) *** | 1.38 (1.14–1.67) *** | 1.28 (1.04–1.58) * |
| Walk/bike to school in the past 7 days | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 1–6 | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 0.79 (0.68–0.91) *** | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) * | |
| 7 | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.85 (0.70–1.02) | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | |
| Attendance of physical education 1 | ||||
| 0 days/week | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 day/week | 2.90 (1.99–4.23) *** | 2.99 (1.95–4.59) *** | 2.05 (1.55–2.70) *** | 1.68 (1.26–2.24) *** |
| 2 or more days/week | 2.76 (1.92–3.98) *** | 2.97 (2.01–4.40) *** | 2.24 (1.58–3.17) *** | 1.92 (1.33–2.78) *** |
| Fruits (<2 servings) (base = 2 or more servings) | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) * | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.88 (0.80–0.98) * | 0.98 (0.89–1.10) |
| Vegetables (<3 servings) (base = 3 or more servings) | 0.89 (0.78–1.01) | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | ||
| Bullied | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) * | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) * | |
| Current tobacco use (base = no) | 1.19 (0.99–1.41) | 1.36 (1.02–1.81) * | 1.00 (0.71–1.38) | |
| Current alcohol use (base = no) | 1.73 (1.45–2.07) *** | 1.55 (1.24–1.93) *** | 2.15 (1.78–2.60) *** | 1.85 (1.49–2.30) *** |
| Poor mental health | ||||
| No close friends (base = yes) | 1.09 (0.78–1.53) | 1.22 (0.88–1.70) | ||
| Loneliness (base = no) | 1.53 (1.27–1.85) *** | 1.41 (1.11–1.80) ** | 1.53 (1.30–1.80) *** | 1.45 (1.21–1.74) *** |
| Suicidal ideation (base = no) | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | 1.47 (1.21–1.78) | ||
| Protective factors | ||||
| School attendance (past 30 days) | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) ** | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) * | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) |
| Peer support in school (mostly/always) | 1.21 (1.05–1.39) ** | 1.26 (1.07–1.48) ** | 1.15 (1.01–1.30) * | 1.32 (1.15–1.51) *** |
| Parental/guardian supervision (mostly or always) | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) ** | 0.77 (0.66–0.89) *** | 0.54 (0.46–0.63) *** | 0.49 (0.40–0.60) *** |
| Parental/guardian connectivity (mostly/always) | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) ** | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) | |
| Parental/guardian bonding (mostly/always) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1.01 (0.91–1.14) | ||
1 Analysis for Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam only (excluding Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand); *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; UOR = Unadjusted Odds Ratio; AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval.