Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (n = 11,573).
| Variables | Mets | Non-Mets | p-Value | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 4849) | (n = 6724) | (n = 11,573) | ||
| Age, year | 55.5 ± 10.2 | 52.7 ± 10.6 | <0.001 * | 53.8 ± 10.6 |
| Male, % | 2003 (41.3) | 3355 (49.9) | <0.001 * | 5357 (46.3) |
| Race (Han), % | 4616 (95.2) | 6361 (94.6) | 0.136 | 10,968 (94.8) |
| Current smoking status, % | 1508 (31.1) | 2589 (38.5) | <0.001 * | 4086 (35.3) |
| Current drinking status, % | 975 (20.1) | 1647 (24.5) | <0.001 * | 2617 (22.6) |
| Education, % | <0.001 * | |||
| Primary school or below | 2643 (54.5) | 3127 (46.5) | 5763 (49.8) | |
| Middle school | 1750 (36.1) | 2965 (44.1) | 4717 (40.8) | |
| High school or above | 456 (9.4) | 632 (9.4) | 1093 (9.4) | |
| Physical activity, % | <0.001 * | |||
| Low | 1673 (34.5) | 1768 (26.3) | 3441 (29.7) | |
| Moderate | 2871 (59.2) | 4606 (68.5) | 7479 (64.7) | |
| High | 305 (6.3) | 350 (5.2) | 653 (5.6) | |
| Family income, CNY/year, % | 0.249 | |||
| ≤5000 | 635 (13.1) | 807 (12.0) | 1441 (12.5) | |
| 5000–20,000 | 2619 (54.0) | 3685 (54.8) | 6306 (54.5) | |
| >20,000 | 1595 (32.9) | 2232 (33.2) | 3826 (33.0) | |
| History of CVD, % | 946 (19.5) | 800 (11.9) | <0.001 * | 1712 (15.1) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 150.6 ± 22.6 | 135.6 ± 22.0 | <0.001 * | 141.8 ± 23.5 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 86.1 ± 11.6 | 79.2 ± 11.0 | <0.001 * | 82.1 ± 11.8 |
| WC, cm | 88.5 ± 8.3 | 78.1 ± 8.4 | <0.001 * | 82.4 ± 9.8 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 ± 3.4 | 23.4 ± 3.2 | <0.001 * | 24.8 ± 3.7 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | <0.001 * | 5.2 ± 1.1 |
| TG, mmol/L | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | <0.001 * | 1.6 ± 1.5 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | <0.001 * | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | <0.001 * | 2.9 ± 0.8 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 6.5 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 1.0 | <0.001 * | 5.9 ± 1.6 |
| ALT, U/L | 25.3 ± 18.0 | 20.4 ± 18.5 | <0.001 * | 22.5 ± 18.4 |
| AST, U/L | 22.6 ± 11.7 | 21.8 ± 12.2 | 0.001 # | 22.1 ± 12.0 |
Notes: Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or as n (%). Abbreviations: CNY, China Yuan (1 CNY = 0.161 USD); CVD, cardiovascular disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase. * p < 0.001, # p < 0.05.