Table 3.

Prospective Associations Between Baseline Socioeconomic Status and Elevated High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T^a at Visit 4, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1996–1998

Socioeconomic Status Indicator	Total (n = 11,003)				Black Participants (n = 2,626)		White Participants (n = 8,377)
	Model 1b		Model 2c		Model 2c		Model 2c
	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
Incomed
High	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Mid-level	1.06	0.84, 1.33	0.96	0.75, 1.22	1.95	0.98, 3.90	0.85	0.65, 1.10
Low	1.07	0.78, 1.47	1.00	0.72, 1.40	2.28	1.12, 4.61	0.77	0.49, 1.21
P for trende	0.27		0.60		0.028		0.33
Educational levelf
High	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Mid-level	0.95	0.76, 1.19	0.92	0.73, 1.16	1.14	0.65, 2.01	0.87	0.68, 1.13
Low	1.03	0.79, 1.35	0.97	0.73, 1.29	1.61	0.96, 2.70	0.78	0.55, 1.13
P for trende	0.94		0.72		0.070		0.15

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.

^a High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T concentration of 14 ng/L or more.

^b Adjusted for age (years), race and study center (black participants from Jackson, Mississippi; black and white participants from Forsyth County, North Carolina; white participants from Minneapolis, Minnesota; and white participants from Washington County, Maryland), and sex (male or female).

^c Adjusted for the variables in model 1 and total cholesterol (mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), current antihypertensive medication use (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m²), left ventricular hypertrophy (yes or no), body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)²), physical activity index score, alcohol consumption (current, former, or never), and tobacco use (current, former, or never).

^d High income was defined as an annual family income greater than or equal to $35,000; mid-level income, annual family income between $16,000 and $34,999; and low income, annual family income less than $16,000.

^e P for trend obtained from Wald test.

^f High educational level was defined as a lifetime educational attainment of college, graduate, or professional degree; mid-level education, lifetime educational attainment of 12th grade completion, general education diploma, or vocational training; and low education, lifetime educational attainment of less than 12th grade.