Table 1.
Characteristics of Heart Failure-Eligiblea Hospitalizations (%) in ARIC Study Surveillance for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (2005–2010) and the National Inpatient Sample (1998–2010), by ICD-9-CM Code 428 Subgroupb
| Position of ICD-9-CM Code 428 Among Discharge Diagnoses |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARIC Study ADHF Surveillance |
National Inpatient Sample |
|||||
| Primary (n = 10,130)c | Nonprimary (n = 36,410) | Absent (n = 5,525) | Primary (n = 12.6M) | Nonprimary (n = 37.6M) | Absent (n = 6.9M) | |
| Age group, years | ||||||
| 55–64 | 18.6 | 28.5 | 15.5 | 14.3 | 21.9 | 19.7 |
| 65–74 | 24.8 | 27.9 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 28.7 | 25.1 |
| ≥75 | 56.5 | 43.6 | 59.5 | 61.3 | 49.4 | 55.2 |
| Male sex | 43.9 | 46.3 | 44.9 | 44.1 | 47.0 | 47.8 |
| Caucasian raced | 73.3 | 70.7 | 60.2 | 61.3 | 60.2 | 69.3 |
| Heart valve disorder | 12.5 | 7.7 | 14.5 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 19.9 |
| Rheumatic heart failure | 0.1 | 7.4 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 12.6 | 0.0 |
| Hypertension | 43.9 | 50.7 | 39.8 | 40.0 | 35.6 | 45.2 |
| Hypertensive heart failure | 3.6 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 13.6 | 1.1 |
| Diabetes | 46.2 | 35.0 | 36.1 | 35.8 | 29.7 | 46.1 |
| Coronary atherosclerosis | 50.5 | 36.0 | 48.2 | 47.5 | 40.1 | 56.9 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 8.2 | 4.3 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 6.5 | 3.7 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 10.6 | 43.2 | 14.8 | 9.3 | 40.6 | 15.2 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 36.2 | 26.5 | 33.7 | 33.8 | 28.3 | 39.0 |
| Other arrhythmia (non-AF) | 15.5 | 18.0 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 15.5 | 16.1 |
| Conduction disorder | 9.9 | 8.7 | 14.0 | 12.5 | 13.7 | 12.1 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 30.3 | 19.5 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 9.8 | 31.2 |
| Acute kidney injury | 21.5 | 14.0 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 8.8 | 14.0 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorder | 11.0 | 10.3 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.9 |
| Renal heart failure | 3.4 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 0.8 |
| Dyspnea and respiratory abnormalities | 2.3 | 41.9 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 23.8 | 2.6 |
| COPD exacerbation | 12.0 | 7.3 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 9.3 | 9.7 |
| Pneumonia | 19.8 | 11.9 | 15.8 | 18.7 | 11.5 | 13.3 |
| Acute lung edema | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.7 |
| Pulmonary heart diseasee | 1.1 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 7.1 | 0.8 |
| Anemia | 26.6 | 18.8 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 13.1 | 24.8 |
| Teaching hospital | 38.8 | 36.7 | 39.6 | 40.3 | 39.0 | 32.3 |
Abbreviations: ADHF, acute decompensated heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD-9-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; M, million; NIS, National Inpatient Sample.
a Eligible samples of hospitalizations among persons aged ≥55 years were defined by hospital ICD-9-CM discharge code as detailed in the Methods section of the text and Figure 1.
b ICD-9-CM 428 groups: the “primary” group had ICD-9-CM code 428.xx as the primary (first listed) discharge diagnosis; the “nonprimary” group had ICD-9-CM code 428.xx in positions 2–26 of the discharge form; and the “absent” (non-428) group had other eligible codes. The average sampling weight for both the ARIC and NIS samples ranged from 2 to 6.
c Weighted number of hospitalizations.
d Estimated among persons with nonmissing values. Information on race was missing for 23% of eligible hospitalizations in the NIS data.
e Acute/chronic heart disease related to the lungs, such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, or cor pulmonale.