Table 1. Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations among Study Variables (N = 180).
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. G familism values W1 | -- | |||||||||||||
| 2. Family income W1 | −.14 | -- | ||||||||||||
| 3. G country of origin | −.14 | .25*** | -- | |||||||||||
| 4. Co-residency W1 | −.03 | .07 | −.08 | -- | ||||||||||
| 5. Co-residency W2 | .05 | .06 | −.12 | .20** | -- | |||||||||
| 6. G-AM P-support W2 | .18* | .18* | .14 | .19* | .11 | -- | ||||||||
| 7. G-AM comm W2 | .17* | .11 | .18* | .10 | .13 | .48*** | -- | |||||||
| 8. Autonomy granting W2 | .01 | .26*** | .12 | −.05 | .06 | .13 | .05 | -- | ||||||
| 9. C effortful control W2 | .02 | .00 | .05 | −.02 | .00 | .01 | .05 | −.05 | -- | |||||
| 10. A Parenting efficacy W2 | −.00 | .12 | .26*** | .02 | −.11 | .05 | .12 | .10 | .37*** | -- | ||||
| 11. A Parenting efficacy W3 | .01 | .07 | .24** | −.06 | −.03 | .11 | .03 | .01 | .23* | .36*** | -- | |||
| 12. C Social competence W5 | −.09 | .02 | .27*** | −.10 | −.11 | .05 | −.02 | .20* | .21* | .31*** | .20* | -- | ||
| 13. C Childcare arrangement | .03 | −.10 | .15 | .06 | .06 | −.07 | .13 | −.03 | −.08 | −.03 | −.02 | .05 | -- | |
| 14. C academic func W6 | −.14 | .18* | .19* | −.21* | .04 | .05 | −.10 | .26** | −.05 | .00 | .01 | .31*** | .14 | -- |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Mean | 4.50 | $27,335 | .32 | .89 | .74 | 4.38 | 3.74 | 3.02 | 4.61 | 4.53 | 4.33 | 1.92 | .23 | 91.63 |
| Standard deviation | .36 | $19,904 | .46 | .31 | .44 | .50 | .86 | .43 | .61 | .42 | .46 | .55 | .43 | 9.84 |
Note. W1 = Wave 1; W2 = Wave 2; W3 = Wave 3; W4 = Wave 4; G = Grandmother; G-AM = Grandmother-adolescent mother; P-support = parental support; comm = communication; C = Children’s; A = Adolescent mothers; func = functioning. Grandmothers’ country of origin coded (0 = foreign-born, 1 = U.S.-born).Means, standard deviations, and correlations were computed in MPLUS accounting for missing data using full information maximum likelihood.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.