Table 1.

Characteristics and Health Service Utilization of Individuals Dually Enrolled in the VA and Medicare Advantage, 2004–2009^a

	Users
	VA Only	VA/MA Dual	MA Only	Nonusers
Person-years, No.	361 762	1 756 143 1 232 042		138 492
Unique individuals, No.	210 196	630 878	511 621	109 006
Age, mean (SD), y	72.1 (9.2)	75.0 (7.9)	74.9 (7.9)	72.3 (9.1)
Women, %	2	2	2	2
Race, %
White	78	91	89	82
Black	18	6	7	14
Other	5	3	4	4
Census region, %
Northeast	17	29	27	21
Midwest	18	18	14	16
South	35	29	26	31
West	26	22	31	29
Outside census regions	4	3	2	3
Year, %
2004	13	14	12	16
2005	15	15	13	18
2006	15	15	13	16
2007	15	16	16	15
2008	20	20	22	17
2009	22	21	24	18
Annual outpatient visits
In the VA, mean (SD), No.	16.1 (29.2)	8.8 (19.1)	NA	NA
In the VA, median (range), No.	8 (0–754)	4 (0–771)	NA	NA
In MA, mean (SD), No.	NA	8.9 (8.0)	9.2 (8.3)	NA
In MA, median (range), No.	NA	7 (0–363)	7 (0–426)	NA
Annual acute inpatient days
In the VA, mean (SD), No.	1.2 (7.0)	0.4 (3.7)	NA	NA
In the VA, median (range), No.	0 (0–365)	0 (0–365)	NA	NA
In MA, mean (SD), No.	NA	1.6 (5.8)	1.9 (6.9)	NA
In MA, median (range), No.	NA	0 (0–323)	0 (0–366)	NA

Abbreviations: MA, Medicare Advantage; NA, not available; VA, Veterans Affairs health care system.

^aP value is less than .001 for all comparisons between groups. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding. Percentages and utilization numbers were calculated based on person-years as the unit of analysis.