Table 1.
Users
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VA Only | VA/MA Dual | MA Only | Nonusers | |
Person-years, No. | 361 762 | 1 756 143 1 232 042 | 138 492 | |
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Unique individuals, No. | 210 196 | 630 878 | 511 621 | 109 006 |
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Age, mean (SD), y | 72.1 (9.2) | 75.0 (7.9) | 74.9 (7.9) | 72.3 (9.1) |
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Women, % | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
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Race, % | ||||
White | 78 | 91 | 89 | 82 |
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Black | 18 | 6 | 7 | 14 |
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Other | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
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Census region, % | ||||
Northeast | 17 | 29 | 27 | 21 |
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Midwest | 18 | 18 | 14 | 16 |
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South | 35 | 29 | 26 | 31 |
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West | 26 | 22 | 31 | 29 |
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Outside census regions | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
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Year, % | ||||
2004 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 16 |
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2005 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 18 |
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2006 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 16 |
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2007 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 15 |
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2008 | 20 | 20 | 22 | 17 |
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2009 | 22 | 21 | 24 | 18 |
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Annual outpatient visits | ||||
In the VA, mean (SD), No. | 16.1 (29.2) | 8.8 (19.1) | NA | NA |
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In the VA, median (range), No. | 8 (0–754) | 4 (0–771) | NA | NA |
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In MA, mean (SD), No. | NA | 8.9 (8.0) | 9.2 (8.3) | NA |
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In MA, median (range), No. | NA | 7 (0–363) | 7 (0–426) | NA |
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Annual acute inpatient days | ||||
In the VA, mean (SD), No. | 1.2 (7.0) | 0.4 (3.7) | NA | NA |
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In the VA, median (range), No. | 0 (0–365) | 0 (0–365) | NA | NA |
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In MA, mean (SD), No. | NA | 1.6 (5.8) | 1.9 (6.9) | NA |
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In MA, median (range), No. | NA | 0 (0–323) | 0 (0–366) | NA |
Abbreviations: MA, Medicare Advantage; NA, not available; VA, Veterans Affairs health care system.
P value is less than .001 for all comparisons between groups. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding. Percentages and utilization numbers were calculated based on person-years as the unit of analysis.