Table 1.
Characteristics of pancreatic cancer cases and matched controls among people with type 2 diabetes.* Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Baseline characteristics | Cases | Controls |
| No of patients | 1 221 | 22 298 |
| CNODES site: | ||
| US MarketScan | 568 (46.5) | 11 349 (50.9) |
| Quebec | 251 (20.6) | 4135 (18.5) |
| UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink | 209 (17.1) | 3473 (15.6) |
| Ontario | 95 (7.8) | 1725 (7.7) |
| Alberta | 59 (4.8) | 1180 (5.3) |
| Manitoba | 39 (3.2) | 436 (2.0) |
| Mean age (years): | 68.2 | 68.1 |
| 18-25 | S* | 9 (0.0) |
| 26-35 | S* | 31 (0.1) |
| 36-45 | 18 (1.5) | 344 (1.5) |
| 46-55 | 147 (12) | 2904 (12.5) |
| 56-65 | 315 (25.8) | 5730 (25.5) |
| 66-75 | 418 (34.2) | 7769 (34.6) |
| ≥76 | 320 (26.2) | 5511 (25.8) |
| Men | 671 (55.0) | 12 379 (55.0) |
| Year of study cohort entry: | ||
| 2007 | 204 (16.7) | 3827 (16.5) |
| 2008 | 200 (16.4) | 3613 (16.9) |
| 2009 | 280 (22.9) | 5134 (22.8) |
| 2010 | 260 (21.3) | 4703 (21.0) |
| 2011 | 194 (15.9) | 3784 (17.0) |
| 2012 | S* | 1227 (5.9) |
| 2013 | S* | 12 (0.1) |
| Mean duration of treated diabetes (years) | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2): | ||
| <25 | 32 (15.3) | 394 (12.0) |
| 25-29 | 73 (34.9) | 1186 (35.5) |
| ≥30 | 96 (45.9) | 1830 (50.9) |
| Missing | 8 (3.8) | 63 (1.5) |
| Haemoglobin A1c: | ||
| ≤7% (53 mmol/mol) | 24 (11.5) | 504 (14.4) |
| 7.1-8.0% (54-64 mmol/mol) | 54 (25.8) | 1044 (29.3) |
| >8% (64 mmol/mol) | 104 (49.8) | 1353 (42.5) |
| Missing | 27 (12.9) | 572 (13.8) |
| Alcohol related disorders | 37 (3.0) | 541 (2.6) |
| Smoking status: | ||
| Ever | 134 (64.1) | 2108 (40.1) |
| Never | S* | 1350 (59.5) |
| Missing | S* | 15 (0.4) |
| Statins | 764 (62.6) | 13 761 (63.6) |
| Acute or chronic pancreatitis | 43 (3.5) | 224 (1.2) |
| Neuropathy | 36 (2.9) | 488 (2.9) |
| Renal disease | 120 (9.8) | 1885 (10.1) |
| Retinopathy | 140 (11.5) | 2486 (12.6) |
| Peripheral arteriopathy | 87 (7.1) | 1310 (6.0) |
| Mean No of hospital admissions | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| No of hospital admissions: | ||
| 0 | 1023 (83.8) | 19 365 (86.2) |
| 1 | 151 (12.4) | 2317 (10.7) |
| 2 | 33 (2.7) | 463 (2.2) |
| 3 | 12 (1.0) | 94 (0.5) |
| ≥4 | 7 (0.6) | 58 (0.4) |
| Mean No of unique non-antidiabetic drugs | 8.8 | 8.3 |
| No of unique non-antidiabetic drugs: | ||
| 0 | 72 (5.9) | 1802 (7.4) |
| 1 | 52 (4.3) | 979 (4.1) |
| 2 | 61 (5.0) | 1177 (5.1) |
| 3 | 61 (5.0) | 1374 (5.9) |
| ≥4 | 976 (79.9) | 19 966 (77.4) |
| Mean No of prestudy cohort entry antidiabetic drugs | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Prestudy cohort entry antidiabetic drugs: | ||
| 0 | 994 (81.4) | 19 829 (81.5) |
| 1 | 117(9.6) | 1470 (10.7) |
| 2 | 66 (5.4) | 615 (4.5) |
| 3 | 34 (2.8) | 252 (2.2) |
| ≥4 | 8 (0.7) | 132 (1.1) |
| Study cohort entry drugs | ||
| Metformin | 853 (69.9) | 16 824 (70.5) |
| Sulfonylureas | 278(22.8) | 4024 (20.0) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 72 (5.9) | 1235 (6.0) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 85 (7.0) | 1521 (7.3) |
| GLP-1 receptor agonists | 6 (0.5) | 125 (1.4) |
| α glucosidase inhibitors | S* | 59 (0.4) |
| Meglitinides | 17 (1.4) | 188 (1.2) |
| Insulins | 43 (3.5) | 223 (2.1) |
| Others | S* | 43 (0.2) |
CNODES=Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies; DPP-4=dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1=glucagon-like peptide-1.
*When the total across participating sites was <6, data were suppressed (denoted by S) owing to privacy restrictions. When summing data across sites, we assigned a value of 3 to small cells (≤5). As such, the sum of count data may differ from the presented total.
†Means and proportions among controls were weighted by number of controls per case and then weighted by number of cases per site.
‡Matching variable.
§Data from UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink; percentages based on 209 cases and 3473 matched controls.
¶Non-mutually exclusive categories.