Table 1.
Study names | Study Length (weeks) |
Diagnostic Criteria | Age (range, mean ± SD) Sex (% female) | Treatment Group (n) | Cognitive Testing | Effect (+/-/neutral), statistically NS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
McIntyre et al., 2014 | 8 | -DSM IV -TR -MDD -MADRS ≥ 26 -Current MDE ≥ 3 months |
18–65 45.4±12.2 68.7% 45.6±12.1 65.8% |
Vortioxetine 10mg (192) vs Placebo (194) |
Composite z-score [DSST/ RAVLT(acq)/RAVLT (delay)] DSST(correct Symbols) RAVLT(acquisition) RAVLT(delayed recall) TMT-A TMT-B SRT CRT Stroop(congruent) Stroop(incongruent) PDQ(total score) |
+ve p < 0.001 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p = 0.029 +ve p = 0.003 +ve p = 0.006 +ve p = 0.006 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p = 0.002 +ve p = 0.001 +ve p < 0.001 |
46.1±11.8 64.3% 45.6±12.1 65.8% |
Vortioxetine 20mg (204) vs Placebo (194) |
Composite z-score [DSST/ RAVLT(acq)/RAVLT (delay)] DSST(correct symbols) RAVLT(acquisition) RAVLT(delayed recall) TMT-A TMT-B SRT CRT Stroop(congruent) Stroop(incongruent) PDQ(total score) |
+ve p < 0.001 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p = 0.199 +ve p = 0.007 +ve p = 0.005 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p = 0.016 +ve p = 0.355 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p = 0.001 +ve p < 0.001 |
|||
Katona et al., 2012 | 8 | -DSM IV -TR -MDD -MADRS ≥ 26 -Current MDE ≥ 4wks (at least 2nd episode) |
65+ 70.5±4.8 68.6% 70.3±4.4 62.1% |
Vortioxetine 5mg (156) vs Placebo (145) |
DSST(correct symbols) RAVLT(acquisition) RAVLT(delayed recall) |
+ve p < 0.05 +ve p < 0.05 +ve p < 0.05 |
70.9±5.5 66.2% 70.3±4.4 62.1% |
Duloxetine 60mg (151) vs Placebo (145) |
DSST(correct symbols) RAVLT(acquisition) RAVLT(delayed recall) |
Neutral NS +ve p < 0.01 +ve p < 0.01 |
|||
Mahableshwarkar et al., 2015 | 8 | -DSM IV -TR -MDD -MADRS ≥ 26 -Recurrent MDD with current MDE |
18–65 44.2±12.2168.2% 45.0±12.0761.3% |
Vortioxetine10-20mg (175) vs Placebo (167) |
DSST(correct symbols) PDQ TMT-A TMT-B Stroop(congruent) Stroop(incongruent) |
+ve p = 0.019 +ve p = 0.001 +ve p = 0.446 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p = 0.482 +ve p = 0.980 |
45.7±11.4665.7% 45.0±12.0761.3% |
Duloxetine 60mg (187) vs Placebo (167) |
DSST(correct symbols) PDQ TMT-A TMT-B Stroop(congruent) Stroop(incongruent) |
+ve p = 0.099 +ve p < 0.001 +ve p = 0.303 +ve p = 0.053 +ve p = 0.904 +ve p = 0.422 |
|||
Raskin et al., 2007 | 8 | -DSM IV -MDD -HAMD(17) ≥18 -Recurrent MDD with current MDE |
65+ 72.6±5.7 60.4% 73.3±5.7 57.7% |
Duloxetine 60mg (196) vs Placebo (99) |
Verbal learning and recall test (learning trials) (delayed recall) DSST(correct symbols) Two-digit cancellation test Letter-number sequencing test |
+ve p = 0.03 +ve p = 0.02 Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS |
Robinson et al., 2014 | 24 | -DSM IV -TR -MDD -MADRS ≥ 20 -Current MDE |
65+ 73.01±6.2666.2 73.1±5.64 58.9% |
Duloxetine 60 or 120mg (180) Placebo (87) |
Verbal learning and recall test (learning trials) (delayed recall) DSST(correct symbols) Two-digit cancellation test TMT-B |
Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS |
Culang et al., 2009 | 8 | -DSM IV-MDD -HRSD(24) ≥ 20 -Curent MDE |
75+ 79.82±3.9754% 79.33±4.6962% |
Citalopram 20mg (40mg if HRSD > 10 after 4 wks) (84) Placebo (90) |
DSST Stroop CRT JOLO Buschke SRT |
Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS |
Ferguson et al., 2003 | 8 | -DSM IV -MDD -HAM-D(17) ≥ 20 |
18–65 Not available |
Paroxetine 20–40mg (23) vs Placebo (26) |
Continuity of Attention Combined speed |
Neutral NS Neutral NS |
Georgotas et al., 1989 | 7 | -MDD Diagnosisa
-HRSD(21) ≥ 16 |
55+ 64.7±6.8 55.1% (age for all groups totaled) |
Nortriptyline (32) vs Phenelzine (28) vs Placebo (18) (Dosing not specified) |
Paragraph recall Paragraph recall delay Paired associated recall WAIS Vocobularly DSST Mental Status Questionaire Name-Face Test Peterson and Peterson Finger tapping Buschke Retrieval Task |
Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS |
Hoffman et al., 2008 | 16 | -DSM IV- MDD -BDI-II ≥ 12 -HAM-D(29) |
40+ 51.8 ± 7.7 75.5% 51.2 ± 7.8 77.5% |
Sertraline 50–200mg (49) Placebo (49) |
Logical memory Verbal pairs, easy Verbal pairs, hard Digits forward Digits Backwards Animal naming COWAT Stroop Ruff total DSST TMT-B |
Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS Neutral NS |
aMDD diagnosed by research diagnostic criteria
BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; Buschke SRT, Buschke Selective Reminding Test; COWAT, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CRT, Cognitive Reflection Test; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DSST, Digit Symbol Sign Test; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression; JOLO, Judgment of Line Orientation; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; MDE, Major Depressive Episode; NS, non-significant; PDQ, Perceived Deficit Questionnaire; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; SD, standard deviation SRT, Simple Reaction Time; TMT-A or -B, Trails Making Test; TR, text revision; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.