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Intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA) infusion of leptin dose-dependently induces anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze test. Mice received an intra-VTA infusion of leptin (0.05, 0.5 μg/side) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid [aCSF]) 30 minutes before the test. (A) Percent open arm entries. (B) Percent open arm time. (C) The number of total entries made into open and closed arms. n = 12 to 14 each group. *P < .05, compared with the aCSF-injected control group.
