Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Associated With Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Among Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Tuberculosis Coinfection Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
| Characteristic | Controlsa (n = 112) | TB-IRISa (n = 31) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex, No. (%) | 46 (41) | 14 (45) | .68 |
| Age, y, mean (range) | 36 (22–73) | 37 (22–59) | .99 |
| ATT to ART initiation interval, d, median (IQR) | 27 (18–47) | 30 (20–47) | .56 |
| HIV RNA load at baseline, log10 copies/mL, median (IQR); No. | 5.5 (5.0–6.0); 108 | 5.4 (5.0–5.9); 30 | .56 |
| CD4 T-cell count at baseline, cells/µL, median (IQR) | 66 (32–96) | 62 (26–87) | .77 |
| NVP-based ART, No. (%) | 10 (9) | 7 (23) | .04 |
| AFB smear-negative TB, No. (%) | 30 (27) | 6 (20) | .40 |
| Presence of extrapulmonary TB at baseline, No. (%) | 6 (5) | 2 (6) | .81 |
| Presence of non-TB OI at baseline, No. (%) | 10 (9) | 4 (13) | .51 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR); No. | 19 (16–22); 111 | 20 (17–23); 31 | .10 |
| BMI, No. <19 kg/m2 (%); No. | 57 (51); 111 | 10 (32); 31 | .06 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, median (IQR); No. | 10.3 (9–11.3); 97 | 10.3 (9–12): 29 | .70 |
P values shown are comparing controls to TB-IRIS patients by Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: AFB, acid-fast bacilli; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ATT, antituberculosis therapy; BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; IRIS, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; NVP, nevirapine; OI, opportunistic infection; TB, tuberculosis.
a Indicates the number of non-IRIS survivors (controls) and TB-IRIS patients with any flow cytometric analysis at baseline and/or week 4 post–ART initiation.