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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am Nat. 2012 Sep 25;180(5):604–617. doi: 10.1086/667886

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Association between the population genetic structure of symbiotic, antibiotic-producing Pseudonocardia associated with Apterostigma dentigerum in Central America (La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica [LS-CR]; Barro Colorado Island, Panama [BCI-PA]; Pipeline Road, Panama [PLR-PA]; and Gamboa Forest, Panama [GAM-PA]) and two fungal symbionts (Escovopsis-pathogen and cultivar-mutualist). Population structure was congruent between Pseudonocardia and the Escovopsis pathogens they inhibit (A). No significant association was detected between Pseudonocardia and the cultivars that serve as the ant food source (B). Significance was assessed using a Mantel test. Escovopsis and cultivar ΦST values were taken from Gerardo and Caldera (2007).