Table 4. Gene × fish interactions in relation to gestational weight gain, presented in kg per additional risk allele for each weekly serving of fish.
| All | Obese | Non-obese | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β3 | 95% CI | P | β | 95% CI | P | β | 95% CI | P | P | |
| interaction4 | ||||||||||
| Exploratory cohort | ||||||||||
| (DNBC) | ||||||||||
| Fatty fish | ||||||||||
| GRS1 | 0.08 | (-0.06, 0.21) | 0.28 | -0.06 | (-0.29, 0.18) | 0.64 | 0.13 | (-0.03, 0.29) | 0.12 | 0.23 |
| rs1801282i2 | -1.60 | (-2.73, -0.47) | <0.01 | -1.84 | (-3.78, 0.11) | 0.06 | -1.67 | (-3.03, -0.32) | 0.02 | 0.99 |
| rs2237892 | 0.86 | (-0.33, 2.06) | 0.16 | 1.18 | (-1.29, 3.65) | 0.35 | 0.62 | (-0.68, 1.91) | 0.35 | 0.67 |
| rs4430796 | 0.59 | (-0.11, 1.28) | 0.10 | 0.53 | (-0.86, 1.92) | 0.45 | 0.69 | (-0.08, 1.46) | 0.08 | 0.86 |
| rs560887 | -0.13 | (-0.92, 0.66) | 0.74 | -0.40 | (-1.95, 1.16) | 0.62 | -0.19 | (-1.06, 0.68) | 0.67 | 0.89 |
| rs7961581i | 0.37 | (-0.45, 1.18) | 0.38 | -0.74 | (-2.49, 1.02) | 0.41 | 0.90 | (0.03, 1.78) | 0.04 | 0.11 |
| Lean fish | ||||||||||
| GRS | 0.04 | (-0.05, 0.13) | 0.37 | -0.01 | (-0.17, 0.16) | 0.94 | 0.05 | (-0.05, 0.15) | 0.30 | 0.52 |
| rs1801282i | -1.11 | (-1.70, -0.53) | <0.01 | -0.54 | (-1.60, 0.52) | 0.32 | -1.57 | (-2.25, -0.89) | <0.01 | 0.26 |
| rs2237892 | 0.29 | (-0.67, 1.25) | 0.55 | 1.43 | (-0.38, 3.23) | 0.12 | -0.48 | (-1.57, 0.61) | 0.39 | 0.08 |
| rs4430796 | 0.19 | (-0.22, 0.60) | 0.36 | -0.41 | (-1.10, 0.29) | 0.25 | 0.60 | (0.11, 1.08) | 0.02 | 0.42 |
| rs560887 | -0.04 | (-0.53, 0.44) | 0.86 | -0.12 | (-0.10, 0.76) | 0.79 | -0.08 | (-0.65, 0.48) | 0.77 | 0.35 |
| rs7961581i | 0.07 | (-0.44, 0.58) | 0.79 | -0.31 | (-1.14, 0.51) | 0.46 | 0.31 | (-0.31, 0.94) | 0.33 | 0.41 |
| Total fish | ||||||||||
| GRS | 0.01 | (-0.05, 0.08) | 0.65 | -0.02 | (-0.14, 0.10) | 0.732 | 0.02 | (-0.06, 0.09) | 0.65 | 0.60 |
| rs1801282i | -0.83 | (-1.29, -0.37) | <0.01 | -0.62 | (-1.41, 0.18) | 0.129 | -1.10 | (-1.65, -0.55) | <0.01 | 0.08 |
| rs2237892 | 0.19 | (-0.43, 0.80) | 0.55 | 0.95 | (-0.32, 2.21) | 0.143 | -0.27 | (-0.95, 0.40) | 0.43 | 0.06 |
| rs4430796 | 0.02 | (-0.30, 0.34) | 0.90 | -0.16 | (-0.70, 0.38) | 0.559 | 0.13 | (-0.27, 0.52) | 0.53 | 0.02 |
| rs560887 | 0.15 | (-0.22, 0.51) | 0.43 | -0.17 | (-0.83, 0.50) | 0.617 | 0.24 | (-0.18, 0.66) | 0.26 | 0.98 |
| rs7961581i | -0.06 | (-0.44, 0.32) | 0.75 | -0.29 | (-0.96, 0.37) | 0.386 | 0.08 | (-0.37, 0.52) | 0.74 | 0.25 |
| Replication cohort | ||||||||||
| (ALSPAC) | ||||||||||
| Fatty fish | ||||||||||
| rs1801282i | -0.05 | (-0.51, 0.41) | 0.83 | 0.27 | (-2.69, 3.22) | 0.86 | -0.02 | (-0.48, 0.43) | 0.92 | 0.58 |
| Lean fish | ||||||||||
| rs1801282i | -0.17 | (-0.52, 0.19) | 0.36 | -2.10 | (-4.41, 0.21) | 0.07 | -0.11 | (-0.46, 0.24) | 0.55 | 0.04 |
| Total fish | ||||||||||
| rs1801282i | -0.09 | (-0.33, 0.15) | 0.48 | -0.85 | (-2.50, 0.79) | 0.31 | -0.05 | (-0.29, 0.18) | 0.65 | 0.12 |
1 Sum of BMI associated risk alleles
2 An "i" following the rs-number indicates that imputed SNP information was used.
3SNP (or GRS) × dietary fish product terms were calculated using linear regression. Adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age at conception, gestational age at birth, parity, social-occupational status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake during pregnancy.
4 Obesity status interaction