Table 3. Interpretations of Analyst 1 and 2 based on an analysis of extracted residues under transmitted light.
Staining was applied when considered relevant by the analyst (BT: blind test; CL: confidence level—on scale from 0 = uncertain to 4 = certain). Scores: 0 (wrong), 0,5 (partially correct), 1 (correct).
| BT Nr | Analyst 1 | Analyst 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transmitted light | Staining | Transmitted light | Staining | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Used vs unused | CL | Score Use | Tool Use | CL | Score / worked material | Score / motion | Prehensile mode | CL | Score / prehensile mode | Stain (Orange G, Methylene Blue & Hemastix) | Reaction on use or hafting residue? | Did stain affect interpretation? | Used vs unused | CL | Score Use | Tool use | CL | Score worked material | Score motion | Prehensile mode | CL | Score / prehensile mdoe | Stain (Orange G) | Reaction on use or hafting residue? | Did stain affect interpretation? | |
| BT1 | unused | 3 | 1 | unused | 1 | 1 | 1 | none | 3 | 1 | MB positive but contamination because fragmented | 0 | confirms contamination | unused | 1 | 1 | unused | 1 | 1 | 1 | none | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| BT2 | used | 1 | 0 | cutting animal | 2 | 0 | 0 | hafted | 3 | 1 | OG—few fragments positive | 0 | negative influence | unknown | 0 | - | unknown | 0 | - | - | unknown | - | - | Negative | 1 | uncertainty maintained |
| BT3 | used | 4 | 1 | slicing fish | 3 | 1 | 1 | hand-held | 3 | 1 | OG—confirms collagen | 1 | confirm | unknown | 2 | - | unknown | 2 | - | - | unknown | - | - | - | - | - |
| BT4 | uncertain | 0 | - | uncertain | 1 | - | - | hafted | 4 | 1 | OG—negative, MB—positive | 1 | uncertainty maintained | used | 3 | 1 | Plant processing | 3 | 1 | 1 | hand-held | 2 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT5 | used | 2 | 0 | antler scraping | 2 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 2 | 0 | OG—negative | 1 | contradiction, but interpretation maintained | used | 4 | 0 | Animal processing | 4 | 0 | 0 | hafted | 3 | 0 | Positive | 0 | negative influence |
| BT6 | used | 3 | 0 | antler scraping | 3 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 3 | 0 | OG—positive; MB—positive | 0 | negative influence | unknown | 0 | - | unknown | 0 | - | - | unknown | - | - | Negative | 1 | uncertainty maintained |
| BT7 | unused | 3 | 1 | unused | 3 | 1 | 1 | none | 3 | 1 | - | - | used | 1 | 0 | cutting wood | 1 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | |
| BT8 | used | 4 | 0 | scraping meat from bone | 3 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 4 | 0 | OG—positive | 0 | negative influence | used | 4 | 0 | Animal processing | 4 | 0 | 0 | hafted | 4 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT9 | used | 4 | 1 | wood scraping | 4 | 1 | 1 | hand-held | 1 | 0 | MB—positive | 1 | confirm | used | 4 | 1 | scraping wood | 4 | 1 | 1 | hafted | 4 | 1 | - | - | - |
| BT10 | used | 4 | 1 | slicing meat | 3 | 0 | 1 | hand-held | 3 | 1 | OG—positive | 1 | confirm | used | 3 | 1 | cutting wood | 3 | 0 | 1 | hafted | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT11 | used | 4 | 1 | scraping wood | 2 | 1 | 1 | hafted | 1 | 1 | MB—positive; OG—negative | 1 | confirm | used | 4 | 1 | scraping skin | 4 | 1 | 0 | hafted | 4 | 1 | Positive | 0 | negative influence |
| BT12 | unused | 4 | 1 | unused | 4 | 1 | 1 | none | 4 | 1 | - | - | - | unknown | 1 | - | unknown | 1 | - | - | unknown | - | - | Positive (only stained little parts) | 0 | uncertainty maintained |
| BT13 | used | 4 | 1 | butchering | 4 | 1 | 1 | hafted | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | used | 4 | 1 | scraping skin | 4 | 0,5 | 0 | hand-held | 4 | 1 | - | - | - |
| BT14 | used | 3 | 0 | plant processing | 1 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 1 | 0 | MB—positive (but uncommon) | 0 | negative influence | used | 3 | 0 | wood cutting | 3 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 1 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT15 | unused | 1 | 0 | unused | 1 | 0 | 0 | none | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | unused | 4 | 0 | Not used | 4 | 0 | 0 | none | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT16 | used | 3 | 0 | antler/bone scraping | 3 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 3 | 0 | OG—positive | 0 | negative influence | used | 0 | 0 | animal processing | 0 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 0 | 0 | Negative | 1 | stain ignored |
| BT17 | used | 3 | 1 | starchy plant processing | 3 | 0 | 0 | hafted | 2 | 0 | OG—negative | 0 | negative influence | unknown | 2 | - | unknown | 2 | - | - | hafted | 1 | 0 | Positive | 1 | uncertainty maintained |
| BT18 | used | 4 | 1 | sawing fresh wood | 3 | 1 | 0 | hand-held | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | used | 2 | 1 | plant processing, buried in sediment | 2 | 1 | 0 | hafted | 2 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT19 | used | 4 | 0 | cutting fish | 3 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 1 | 0 | OG—positive; Hemastix—positive | 0 | negative influence | used | 3 | 0 | cutting meat (butchering) | 3 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 3 | 0 | Positive | 0 | negative influence |
| BT20 | used | 3 | 1 | plant processing | 3 | 1 | 1 | hafted | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | used | 4 | 1 | cutting plants | 4 | 1 | 1 | hand-held | 1 | 0 | Positive | 0 | ignored |
| BT21 | used | 2 | 0 | cutting/slicing plant | 1 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 1 | 0 | MB—positive; OG—positive | 0 | negative influence | unknown | 0 | - | unknown | 0 | - | - | hand-held | 0 | 0 | Postive | 0 | uncertainty maintained |
| BT22 | used | 2 | 0 | antler scraping | 2 | 0 | 0 | hafted | 1 | 1 | OG & MB—both positive | 0,5 | negative influence | unknown | 1 | - | unknown | 1 | - | - | hafted | 1 | 1 | Negative | 1 | uncertainty maintained |
| BT23 | used | 4 | 1 | bone/antler scraping | 3 | 1 | 1 | hafted | 3 | 1 | MB & OG—both positive; Hemastix slight trace of haem | 1 | confirm | used | 2 | 1 | animal processing (butchering) | 2 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 2 | 0 | Positive | 1 | confirm |
| BT24 | used | 2 | 1 | digging sediment/earth | 1 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | perhaps used | 2 | 0,5 | buried and maybe used for animal processing | 2 | 1 | 0 | hand-held | 2 | 1 | Positive | 1 | uncertainty maintained |
| BT25 | uncertain | 0 | - | uncertain | 0 | - | - | hafted | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | used | 2 | 0 | dry bone or antler | 2 | 0 | 0 | hand-held | 0 | 0 | Positive | 0 | negative influence |
| BT26 | used | 1 | 0 | uncertain | 0 | - | - | uncertain | 0 | - | MB & OG—both positive | 0 | negative influence | unused | 0 | 1 | Not used | 0 | 1 | 1 | none | 0 | 1 | Negative | 1 | confirm |
| BT27 | unused | 4 | 1 | unused | 4 | 1 | 1 | none | 4 | 1 | - | - | - | unused | 2 | 1 | Not used, only haft related | 2 | 1 | 1 | hafted | 2 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT28 | used | 4 | 1 | wood scraping | 1 | 1 | 0,5 | hafted | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | used | 3 | 1 | scraping wood | 3 | 1 | 0,5 | hand-held | 3 | 0 | - | - | - |
| BT29 | uncertain | 0 | - | inorganic / sediment | 0 | 0 | 0 | uncertain | 0 | - | - | - | - | perhaps used | 2 | 0,5 | buried or used for scraping stone | 2 | 0 | 0 | unknown | - | - | - | - | - |
| BT30 | uncertain | 0 | - | uncertain | 0 | - | - | uncertain | 0 | - | MB & OG—both positive | 0 | uncertainty maintained | unknown | 1 | - | unknown | 1 | - | - | hafted | 1 | 0 | Negative | 1 | uncertainty maintained |