Table 5. Univariate analysis of predictors for treatment failure in patients with SAP.
| Characteristics | Treatment failure (+) (N = 12) (%) | Treatment failure (-) (N = 27) (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD, yr) | 71.4 ± 7.7 | 64.7 ± 16.3 | NS |
| Old age ( ≥ 65 yr) | 10 (83.3) | 15 (55.6) | NS |
| Male | 9 (75.0) | 18 (66.7) | NS |
| Vancomycin MIC ≥ 1.5 µg/mL | 10 (83.3) | 13 (48.1) | NS |
| Teicoplanin MIC ≥ 4 µg/mL | 8 (66.6) | 6 (22.2) | 0.0123 |
| MRSA (+) | 9 (75.0) | 18 (66.7) | NS |
| hVISA* (+) | 9 (75.0) | 8 (29.6) | 0.014 |
| Duration of hospital stay before SAP onset (mean ± SD, day) | 10.9 ± 12.8 | 8.1 ± 14.8 | NS |
| Mode of transmission | |||
| Hospital-acquired | 4 (33.3) | 7 (25.9) | NS |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Solid cancer | 2 (16.7) | 5 (18.5) | NS |
| Hematologic malignancy | 2 (16.7) | 2 (7.4) | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (33.3) | 7 (25.9) | NS |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 2 (16.7) | 7 (25.9) | NS |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (8.3) | 3 (11.1) | NS |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (8.3) | 1 (3.7) | NS |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 3 (25.0) | 4 (14.8) | NS |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (25.0) | 6 (22.2) | NS |
| Previous treatment | |||
| Previous surgery | 3 (25.0) | 6 (22.2) | NS |
| Cancer chemotherapy | 2 (16.7) | 3 (11.1) | NS |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 1 (8.3) | 1 (3.7) | NS |
| Prior vancomycin therapy | 4 (33.3) | 8 (29.6) | NS |
| Appropriate empirical therapy | 7 (58.3) | 17 (63.0) | NS |
Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.
*The hVISA phenotype was identified by macromethod E test.
Abbreviations: SAP, S. aureus pneumonia; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; hVISA, heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NS, not significant.