Table 3.
Factors associated with isolated low HDL-c and non-isolated low HDL-c.
| Isolated low HDL-c vs. normal HDL-c |
Non-isolated low HDL-c vs. normal HDL-c |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude model |
Multivariable modela |
Crude model |
Multivariable modela |
|
| PR (95% CI) |
PR (95% CI) |
PR (95% CI) |
PR (95% CI) |
|
| Study group | ||||
| Urban | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Migrant | 1.11 (0.91–1.36) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.05 (0.78–1.42) | 1.09 (0.83–1.45) |
| Rural | 1.21 (0.97–1.52) | 1.34 (1.01–1.77) | 0.56 (0.34–0.91) | 0.86 (0.50–1.49) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Female | 1.92 (1.64–2.26) | 1.75 (1.48–2.08) | 1.93 (1.49–2.49) | 1.49 (1.14–1.96) |
| Age | ||||
| 30 - 39 years | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 40–49 years | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 1.64 (1.10–2.43) | 1.40 (0.95–2.06) |
| 50–59 years | 1.06 (0.88–1.27) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 2.30 (1.58–3.34) | 1.90 (1.32–2.73) |
| ≥60 years | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 0.87 (0.69–1.09) | 1.08 (0.64–1.81) | 1.07 (0.64–1.78) |
| Deprivation index | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.19 (1.02–1.37) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | 1.34 (1.02–1.75) |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Overweight | 1.34 (1.13–1.58) | 1.45 (1.22–1.72) | 2.70 (1.88–3.88) | 2.54 (1.72–3.75) |
| Obese | 1.51 (1.25–1.82) | 1.45 (1.18–1.78) | 4.23 (2.96–6.02) | 3.32 (2.19–5.03) |
| Smoke daily | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Yes | 0.85 (0.54–1.35) | 1.08 (0.69–1.68) | 0.93 (0.46–1.87) | 1.12 (0.56–2.22) |
| Heavy Episodic Alcohol intake | ||||
| Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| High | 0.57 (0.40–0.83) | 0.72 (0.51–1.03) | 0.65 (0.39–1.08) | 0.92 (0.53–1.61) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Moderate/high | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Low | 0.94 (0.79–1.11) | 0.95 (0.79–1.13) | 1.12 (0.86–1.48) | 0.94 (0.73–1.22) |
Bold stands out some prevalences ratio or risk ratio with a significant confidence interval.
a
Multivariable models were adjusted by all other variables listed in the table. Further adjustment for hypertension or diabetes status in each of these models did not alter the PR and 95% CIs (data not shown).