Table 2.

Three EPAs showing breakdown of individual components assessed

EPA	Preoperative management	Technical procedure	Postoperative management
Manage patient with ankle fracture	Image interpretation  -Weber C fracture with diastasis Surgical decision-making  -Indications for surgery  -Indications for syndesmotic screw Consent  -Risks of surgery  -Examiner as standardized patient Management of risk factors  -Patient with T1DM using insulin	ORIF (lag screw and plate) of oblique fibular fracture in a sawbones model with soft skin coverage	Postoperative orders  -Casting versus boot  -Weightbearing status  -Return to sport Management of syndesmotic screw Management of postoperative complications  -DVT  -Inadequate reduction on postoperative images
Manage patient with hip fracture	Image interpretation  -Intertrochanteric fracture Surgical decision-making  -Intramedullary nail versus dynamic hip screw Preoperative workup  -Medical tests and consults Consent  -Risks of surgery  -Power of attorney/legal guardian	Insertion of a dynamic hip screw, under image intensifier, on sawbones model with soft tissue cover	Postoperative orders  -DVT prophylaxis  -Analgesia -Weightbearing status Discharge planning  -Social work/rehabilitation Management of postoperative complications  -Fever and delirium  -Screw cutout
Manage patient for TKA	History-taking/standardized patient Examination/standardized patient Consent  -Risks of surgery Management of risk factors  -Patient on warfarin for previous pulmonary embolus	Perform distal femoral cut and AP cuts on sawbones knee with soft tissue coverage	Postoperative orders Perioperative management of warfarin Management of postoperative complications  -Acute postoperative infection

EPAs = entrustable professional activities; T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus; ORIF = open reduction and internal fixation; DVT = deep vein thrombosis.