Table 2.
Comparison of ODT and OAV in canines vs. humans in two recent field studies.
| REF | Method | Mixture ratio | Compound | CAS | Conc. tested (ppm) | % of canines alerted | Canine ODT (ppm) | Human ODT (ppm) | ODTC:ODTH | Canine OAV of 1 ppm | Human OAV of 1 ppm | OAVC:OAVH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lorenzo, Wan, Harper, Hsu, Chow, Rose, Furton [16] | Scent solution was spiked onto filter paper, placed in a metal box with holes drilled on top. | Insosafrole | 120-58-1 | 6.76E+02 | 0 | |||||||
| Phorone | 504-20-1 | 6.27E+02 | 4 | 6.27E+02 | 1.60E-03 | |||||||
| Camphor | 76-22-2 | 6.43E+02 | 0 | 5.13E-02 | 1.95E+01 | |||||||
| Piperonal | 120-57-0 | 6.52E+02 | 17 | 6.52E+02 | 4.79E-03 | 1.36E+05 | 1.53E-03 | 2.09E+02 | 7.35E-06 | |||
| Safrol | 94-59-7 | 6.61E+02 | 0 | 9.55E-03 | 1.05E+02 | |||||||
| Benzaldehyde | 100-52-7 | 9.63E+02 | 9 | 9.63E+02 | 4.17E-02 | 2.31E+04 | 1.04E-03 | 2.40E+01 | 4.33E-05 | |||
| Acetic acid | 64-19-7 | 1.71E+03 | 0 | 1.45E-01 | 6.90E+00 | |||||||
| 1-phenyl-2-propanol | 100-86-7 | 6.35E+02 | 9 | 6.35E+02 | 1.58E-03 | |||||||
| Acetophenone | 98-86-2 | 8.37E+02 | 0 | 3.63E-01 | 2.75E+00 | |||||||
| 1:1 | MD-P2P | 4676-39-5 | 5.49E+01 | 0 | ||||||||
| Piperonal | 120-57-0 | 6.52E+01 | 0 | 4.79E-03 | 2.09E+02 | |||||||
| 3:1 | MD-P2P | 4676-39-5 | 1.65E+02 | 0 | ||||||||
| Piperonal | 120-57-0 | 6.52E+01 | 0 | 4.79E-03 | 2.09E+02 | |||||||
| 5:1 | MD-P2P | 4676-39-5 | 2.75E+02 | 0 | ||||||||
| Piperonal | 120-57-0 | 6.52E+01 | 0 | 4.79E-03 | 2.09E+02 | |||||||
| 10:1 | MD-P2P | 4676-39-5 | 5.49E+02 | 0 | ||||||||
| Piperonal | 120-57-0 | 6.52E+01 | 0 | 4.79E-03 | 2.09E+02 | |||||||
| 5:1 | MD-P2P | 4676-39-5 | 1.37E+03 | 0 | ||||||||
| Piperonal | 120-57-0 | 6.52E+01 | 0 | 4.79E-03 | 2.09E+02 | |||||||
| MDMA | NA | 5.07E+00 | 0 | |||||||||
| MD-P2P | 4676-39-5 | 5.49E+02 | 0 | |||||||||
| Piperonal | 120-57-0 | 6.52E+03 | 83 | 4.79E-03 | 2.09E+02 | |||||||
| Methamphetamine Pharm Grade | 537-46-2 | 3.28E+05 | 0 | |||||||||
| Unknown mixture | Methamphetamine Street Sample | NA | 100 | |||||||||
| Williams and Johnston [17] | Cotton balls were spiked with target odor and placed in a canΔ. | Allyl sulfide | 592-88-1 | 6.01E+05 | >80% | 6.01E+05 | 1.66E-06 | |||||
| Cumene | 98-82-8 | 5.68E+05 | >80% | 5.68E+05 | 2.40E-02 | 2.37E+07 | 1.76E-06 | 4.17E+01 | 4.22E-08 | |||
| dimethylthiazole | 541-58-2 | 7.39E+05 | >80% | 7.39E+05 | 1.35E-06 | |||||||
| α-pinene | 80-56-8 | 4.99E+05 | >80% | 4.99E+05 | 6.92E-01 | 7.21E+05 | 2.00E-06 | 1.45E+00 | 1.39E-06 | |||
| benzaldehyde | 100-52-7 | 7.80E+05 | >80% | 7.80E+05 | 3.00E-03 | 2.60E+08 | 1.28E-06 | 3.33E+02 | 3.85E-09 | |||
| Menthol | 89-78-1 | 4.51E+05 | >80% | 4.51E+05 | 4.17E-02 | 1.08E+07 | 2.22E-06 | 2.40E+01 | 9.24E-08 | |||
| Cyclohexanone | 108-91-1 | 7.65E+05 | >80% | 7.65E+05 | 7.08E-01 | 1.08E+06 | 1.31E-06 | 1.41E+00 | 9.25E-07 | |||
| Eucalyptol | 470-82-6 | 4.74E+05 | >80% | 4.74E+05 | 1.62E-02 | 2.93E+07 | 2.11E-06 | 6.17E+01 | 3.42E-08 | |||
| Pentanethiol | 110-66-7 | 6.39E+05 | >80% | 6.39E+05 | 1.20E-04 | 5.31E+09 | 1.57E-06 | 8.32E+03 | 1.88E-10 | |||
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 7.48E+05 | >80% | 7.48E+05 | 1.55E+00 | 4.83E+05 | 1.34E-06 | 6.45E-01 | 2.07E-06 |
REF=reference; MD-P2P=3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone; Mixture ratio=ratio of MD-P2P to Piperonal; ODT=odor detection threshold; OAV=odor activity value; ODTc=canine odor detection threshold; ODTH=human odor detection threshold; OAVc=odor activity value for canines; OAVH=odor activity value for humans. ΔVolume of can was not specified. In this table the can dimensions were assumed to be a cylinder of radius 5.08 cm, 4.62 cm height, displaced volume of cotton balls was not accounted for. All gas phase calculations assumed 1 atm at 25 °C.