Table 1.

Comparison of acid survival and tolerance systems in all three human pathogenic Yersinia.

Acid survival systems	Y. enterocolitica	Y. pseudotuberculosis	Y. pestis
METABOLIC FACTORS
Cra	✓	✓	✓
OmpR	✓	✓	✓
PhoP	✓	✓	✓
RovM	✓	✓	✓
Urease	✓	✓	Non-functional due to ureD mutation
AR2 SYSTEM
GadA	✓	✘	✘
GadB	✓	✘	✘
GadC	✓	✘	✘
AR3 system
AdiA	✓	✓	✓
AdiC	✓	✓	✓
AR4 SYSTEM
CadA	✓	✘	✘
CadB	✘	✘	✘
ClpV4	✘	✓	✓

✘: not detected (absent). ✓: present and genetically intact.