Figure 4. EDAR effects on mouse facial hair follicle density and expression of PRSS53 in anagen (growing) human hair follicles.
(a) Frontal photographs showing part of the lower facial region from 14.5-day-old mouse embryos stained by in-situ hybridization for detecting Sostdc1 to reveal hair placodes (primordia of hair follicles) as blue foci. We compared placode density in the lower jaw of wild-type (+/+) mice with an Edar transgenic having a high copy number of Edar (EdarTg951/Tg951)26. The black scale bar equals 0.5 mm. (b) Bar plot comparing placode density in mice with different Edar genotypes (n=4). Mean density in Edar+/+ mice was 53 placodes per mm2 (standard deviation=1.3) and 35 placodes per mm2 (standard deviation=1.5) in EdarTg951/Tg951 mice, the difference between means being significant (exact P value of 0.028). Error bars represent ±3 standard deviations. (c–f) Anagen human hair follicle stained with anti-PRSS53 antibody (green) and with anti-melanocyte antibody (red), and counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue, nuclei). (c) Hair follicle bulb showing PRSS53 expression in the developing IRS, pre-cortex and in some melanocytes (arrow and inset) as indicated by the yellow–orange staining. (d) Mid hair follicle showing expression of PRSS53 in maturing IRS keratinocytes (arrows). (e) Distal hair follicle showing high expression of PRSS53 in IRS cells around the level of DNA degradation in hair fibre (HF) keratinocytes (as indicated by a reduction in DAPI staining in this region HF). PRSS53 is also expressed in the IRS companion layer (CL; *). (f) Upper distal hair follicle at sebaceous gland level (Sg) showing PRSS53 expression in scattered peri-follicular cells just below the Sg and in the IRS at the point of its dissolution (arrows). (g–j) Anagen human hair follicle stained with anti-PRSS53 antibody (green) and with anti-TCHH antibody (red), and counter-stained with DAPI (blue, nuclei). (g) Hair follicle bulb showing co-localization (orange/yellow) of PRSS53 and TCHH in the developing IRS, especially in the most external IRS layer. (h) Supra-bulbar region of the hair follicle showing expression of PRSS53 in the developing companion layer (*) of the IRS (green) and some co-localization with TCHH in the inner IRS. (i) Mid hair follicle showing expression of PRSS53 in the IRS companion layer (*) and the central medulla (Md) of the developing HF. (j) Upper hair follicle showing PRSS53 expression in the companion layer of the IRS (*) and in the TCHH-positive IRS. Co, hair fibre cortex; FP, follicular papilla; IRS, inner root sheath; Md, medulla; pCo, pre-cortex; ORS, outer root sheath; Sg, sebaceous gland. Grey scale bars correspond to 40 μm in each figure.