Table 2.
Demographic information of the sample at baseline.
| Baseline characteristics | Total (N=170) |
Group 1 (n=88) |
Group 2 (n=82) |
Group comparison | |||
|
|
|
|
|
t 168 | χ2 (df) | P | |
| Sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.1 (1) | .72 | |
|
|
Male | 137 (80.6) | 70 (79.5) | 67 (81.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
Female | 33 (19.4) | 18 (20.5) | 15 (18.3) |
|
|
|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 9.85 (1.26) | 9.89 (1.28) | 9.82 (1.24) | –0.36 |
|
.79 | |
| Total IQ,a mean (SD) | 106.18 (14.79) | 105.40 (14.46) | 107.02 (15.18) | 0.72 |
|
.55 | |
| ADHD subtypes, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
3.2 (2) | .21 | |
|
|
Combined | 126 (74.1) | 66 (75.0) | 60 (73.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
Inattentive | 38 (22.4) | 17 (19.3) | 21 (25.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
Hyperactive-Impulsive | 6 (3.5) | 5 (5.7) | 1 (1.2) |
|
|
|
| Attention deficit, b n (%) |
|
|
|
|
1.6 (1) | .21 | |
|
|
Normal | 62 (36.5) | 36 (40.9) | 26 (31.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
(Sub)clinical | 108 (63.5) | 52 (59.1) | 56 (68.3) |
|
|
|
| Hyperactivity, b n (%) |
|
|
|
|
1.9 (1) | .17 | |
|
|
Normal | 84 (49.4) | 39 (44.3) | 45 (54.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
(Sub)clinical | 86 (50.6) | 49 (55.7) | 37 (45.1) |
|
|
|
| Oppositional defiant disorder, b n (%) |
|
|
|
|
2.1 (1) | .14 | |
|
|
Normal | 149 (87.6) | 74 (84.1) | 75 (91.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
(Sub)clinical | 21 (12.4) | 14 (15.9) | 7 (8.5) |
|
|
|
| Game experience, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
4.3 (3) | .23 | |
|
|
Starter | 29 (17.1) | 13 (14.7) | 16 (19.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
Amateur | 55 (32.4) | 29 (33.0) | 26 (31.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
Experienced | 82 (48.2) | 42 (47.7) | 40 (48.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
Expert | 4 (2.4) | 4 (4.5) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
| Special education? (yes), n (%) | 25 (14.7) | 14 (15.9) | 11 (13.4) |
|
0.2 (1) | .65 | |
| Medication use? (yes), n (%) | 156 (91.8) | 80 (90.9) | 76 (92.7) |
|
0.2 (1) | .67 | |
| Psychoeducation for parents? (yes), n (%) | 9 (5.3) | 5 (5.7) | 4 (4.9) |
|
0.1 (1) | .82 | |
a IQ: Intelligence Quotient.
b ADHD and ODD severity are based on clinical and subclinical scores on the parent version of the DBDRS.