Table 4.
Group 2 results of paired samples t tests of primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline, 10-week, and 20-week assessments.
| Outcomes | Assessment, mean (SD) | T0 vs T1 | T1 vs T2 | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline (T0) | 10 weeks (T1) | 20 weeks (T2) | t 81 | P | Cohen’s d | t 81 | P | Cohen’s d | ||
| Parent-reported (n=82) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Primary outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time management | 48.88 (15.25) | 52.95 (18.17) | 60.00 (14.71) | 2.80 | .006 | 0.24 | 4.36 | <.001 | 0.43 |
|
|
|
BRIEF (subscale Plan/Organize)a | 20.41 (4.61) | 20.76 (4.54) | 22.01 (4.27) | 1.07 | .29 | 0.08 | 3.29 | .001 | 0.28 |
|
|
|
SSRS (Cooperation) | 8.73 (3.68) | 8.90 (3.46) | 9.86 (3.16) | 0.55 | .58 | 0.05 | 2.85 | .006 | 0.29 |
|
|
Secondary outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It’s about time | 30.88 (7.82) | 31.61 (7.58) | 33.89 (7.15) | 1.05 | .30 | 0.09 | 3.05 | .003 | 0.31 |
|
|
|
BRIEF (subscale Working Memory) | 14.23 (3.29) | 14.42 (3.13) | 16.39 (3.36) | 0.63 | .53 | 0.06 | 5.36 | <.001 | 0.61 |
|
|
|
SSRS (subscale Assertiveness) | 14.52 (3.81) | 14.35 (3.73) | 15.18 (2.65) | –0.67 | .50 | 0.05 | 2.91 | .005 | 0.26 |
|
|
|
SSRS (subscale Responsibility) | 13.63 (3.16) | 13.41 (2.92) | 13.97 (2.61) | –0.95 | .35 | 0.07 | 1.97 | .05 | 0.20 |
|
|
|
SSRS (subscale Self-Control) | 10.06 (3.78) | 10.19 (3.95) | 10.74 (3.15) | 0.50 | .62 | 0.03 | 1.50 | .14 | 0.20 |
|
|
|
SSRS (subscale Total) | 44.24 (10.50) | 44.08 (10.67) | 46.83 (8.84) | –0.23 | .82 | 0.02 | 2.96 | .004 | 0.28 |
| Teacher-reported (n=82) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Time management | 65.04 (16.37) | 64.68 (14.78) | 70.20 (10.46) | –0.27 | .79 | 0.02 | 4.09 | <.001 | 0.43 | |
|
|
BRIEF (subscale Plan/Organize) | 20.17 (3.96) | 20.16 (3.77) | 20.92 (3.18) | –0.05 | .96 | 0 | 2.40 | .02 | 0.22 | |
|
|
BRIEF (subscale Working Memory) | 18.57 (3.73) | 18.97 (3.87) | 20.42 (3.18) | 1.19 | .24 | 0.11 | 4.11 | <.001 | 0.41 | |
|
|
SSRS (Total) | 34.87 (7.62) | 36.76 (7.21) | 38.37 (6.33) | 2.74 | .01 | 0.25 | 2.52 | .01 | 0.24 | |
| Self-reported (n=82) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Self-efficacy | 87.35 (23.63) | 86.12 (25.55) | 90.87 (22.32) | –0.48 | .64 | 0.05 | 2.08 | .04 | 0.20 | |
a BRIEF: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; SSRS: Social Skills Rating Scale.