Figure 2. Annual direct and indirect costs for those with a diagnosis of narcolepsy and matched controls.

Error bars represent standard errors. Absenteeism and Presenteeism costs were only calculated for participants in the workforce (Control = 465; Narcolepsy = 189; Total = 654). All comparisons between subjects with and without narcolepsy, for each outcome, are significant at the p < 0.001 level.