Table 1.
Population characteristics by Dietary Inflammatory Index quartiles
| Characteristic | DII Quartile 1 | DII Quartile 2 | DII Quartile 3 | DII Quartile 4 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.01 | ||||
| Male | 40 (38%) | 50 (46%) | 57 (53%) | 63 (59%) | |
| Female | 66 (62%) | 58 (54%) | 50 (47%) | 43 (41%) | |
| Race | 0.13 | ||||
| European-American | 78 (74%) | 75 (69%) | 71 (66%) | 60 (57%) | |
| African-American | 8 (8%) | 9 (8%) | 16 (15%) | 21 (20%) | |
| Asian | 11 (10%) | 12 (11%) | 8 (7%) | 15 (14%) | |
| Other | 9 (8%) | 12 (11%) | 12 (11%) | 10 (9%) | |
| Income (in Dollars) | 0.61 | ||||
| 0 – 19,999 | 18 (17%) | 18 (17%) | 16 (15%) | 19 (18%) | |
| 20,000 – 39,999 | 32 (30%) | 34 (32%) | 44 (41%) | 38 (36%) | |
| 40,000 – 59,999 | 21 (20%) | 25 (23%) | 20 (19%) | 19 (18%) | |
| 60,000 – 79,999 | 12 (11%) | 10 (9%) | 13 (12%) | 18 (17%) | |
| 80,000+ | 22 (21%) | 20 (19%) | 14 (13%) | 12 (11%) | |
| Education | <0.01 | ||||
| <3 years of college | 10 (9%) | 19 (18%) | 12 (11%) | 29 (27%) | |
| 4+ years of college | 96 (91%) | 89 (82%) | 95 (89%) | 77 (73%) | |
| Children | 0.03 | ||||
| Yes | 12 (11%) | 12 (12%) | 14 (13%) | 25 (24%) | |
| No | 94 (89%) | 96 (89%) | 92 (87%) | 81 (76%) | |
| Currently Dieting | 0.07 | ||||
| Yes | 24 (23%) | 31 (29%) | 21 (20%) | 15 (14%) | |
| No | 82 (77%) | 77 (71%) | 85 (80%) | 91 (86%) | |
| Smoking Status | 0.46 | ||||
| Current/Former | 23 (22%) | 28 (26%) | 24 (22%) | 32 (30%) | |
| Never | 83 (78%) | 80 (74%) | 83 (78%) | 74 (70%) | |
|
| |||||
| Continuous Measures | |||||
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | 27.8 ± 3.7 | 27.4 ± 3.6 | 27.1 ± 3.7 | 26.5 ± 4.1 | 0.01 |
| Social Approval score | 51.0 ± 8.4 | 51.5 ± 9.8 | 50.5 ± 9.4 | 52.9 ± 9.5 | 0.26 |
| Drive for thinnessa,d | 4.0 ± 4.6 | 3.3 ± 4.4 | 2.9 ± 4.0 | 3.0 ± 4.4 | 0.07 |
| Cognitive restraintb | 12.4 ± 4.6 | 10.5 ± 4.5 | 9.8 ± 4.4 | 8.4 ± 5.2 | <0.01 |
| Physical Activity Hoursc | 5.9 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.5 | 0.86 |
| Steps | 7920 ± 3040 | 7536 ± 2173 | 7492 ± 2846 | 7700 ± 2839 | 0.53 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 3.8 | 25.4 ± 3.4 | 25.7 ± 3.8 | 25.4 ± 4.3 | 0.58 |
| Body Fat Percent | 29.1 ± 8.8 | 28.4 ± 9.4 | 28.9 ± 9.4 | 27.6 ± 8.4 | 0.27 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.78 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.80 ± 0.07 | 0.04 |
Column percentages not equaling 100% are due to rounding. Column totals not equaling total sample size are due to missing data. P-values for categorical variables were based on chi-square tests and p-values for continuous measures were based on trend test using general linear models. DII Quartile Ranges: 1 = −4.93 to −0.90 (n=106); 2 = −0.89 to 1.02 (n=108); 3 = 1.03 to 2.50 (n=107); 4 = 2.51 to 6.23 (n=106).
Subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory = higher scores indicate a greater drive for thinness.
Subscale of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire = higher score indicates greater cognitive restraint.
Average daily hours of all (i.e., light to vigorous physical activity).
Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between DII quartiles 1 and 4 using t-tests.