Table 3.
Risk factors for major bleeding
| Patient factor | Without major bleeding (n = 180) | With major bleeding (n = 25) | Univariate analysis p value | Multivariate analysis |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | ||||
| Patient characteristic | |||||
| Age, yr | 0.825 | ||||
| < 60 | 75 (41.7) | 11 (44.0) | |||
| ≥ 60 | 105 (58.3) | 14 (56.0) | |||
| Male sex | 126 (70.0) | 16 (64.0) | 0.542 | ||
| Medical condition | |||||
| History of malignancy | 116 (64.4) | 19 (76) | 0.254 | ||
| Liver transplantation | 10 (5.6) | 3 (12.0) | 0.200 | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 10 (5.6) | 2 (8.0) | 0.644 | ||
| COPD | 9 (5.0) | 0 | 0.604 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 66 (36.7) | 4 (16.0) | 0.041 | 0.37 (0.11-1.22) | 0.105 |
| Hypertension | 44 (24.4) | 5 (20) | 0.625 | ||
| Heart failure | 15 (8.3) | 1 (4.0) | 0.699 | ||
| End-stage renal disease | 84 (46.7) | 16 (64) | 0.104 | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | 156 (86.7) | 23 (92.0) | 0.748 | ||
| Use ofvasoactive agents | 142 (78.9) | 23 (92.0) | 0.177 | ||
| Sepsis | 132 (73.3) | 24 (96.0) | 0.036 | 8.35 (1.04-67.05) | 0.046 |
| Hematocrit, % | 26.9 (22.6-30.8) | 25.7 (21.6-27.7) | 0.066 | ||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2.0 (1.1-3.4) | 2.3 (1.2-4.0) | 0.972 | ||
| > 1.5 | 109 (60.6) | 15 (60) | 0.958 | ||
| INR | 1.9 (1.4-2.7) | 2.1 (1.6-2.6) | 0.854 | ||
| > 1.5 | 128 (71.1) | 21 (84) | 0.184 | ||
| APTT, sec | 52.2 (41.1-66.3) | 55.3 (43.5-64.9) | 0.996 | ||
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 4.8 (2.0-13.8) | 6.4 (3.5-19.8) | 0.288 | ||
| Albumin, g/dL | 2.5 (2.1-2.9) | 2.5 (2.3-3.0) | 0.701 | ||
| Platelets, 109/L | 67.5 (36.0-116.8) | 41.0 (22.5-84.0) | 0.028 | 0.98 (0.97-0.99) | 0.025 |
| Child-Pugh score | 11 (9-13) | 13 (11-14) | 0.173 | ||
| A | 7 (3.9) | 0 | 0.428 | ||
| B | 48 (26.7) | 5 (20) | |||
| C | 125 (69.4) | 20 (80) | |||
| MELD score | 27 (18-35) | 28 (24-36.5) | 0.382 | ||
| APACHE II score | 30 (22-35.8) | 25 (19.5-32.5) | 0.087 | ||
| SOFA score | 14 (11-17) | 14 (10.5-16.5) | 0.976 | ||
| Medications used | |||||
| Anti-platelet agent | 14 (7.8) | 2 (8.0) | 1.000 | ||
| LMWH or UFH | 13 (7.2) | 1 (4.0) | 1.000 | ||
| Warfarin | 6 (3.3) | 0 | 1.000 | ||
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; INR, international normalized ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; MELD, model of end-stage liver disease; APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; UFH, unfractionated heparin.