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. 2016 Feb 2;8(2):35. doi: 10.3390/toxins8020035

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Figure 3

ET-induced footpad edema in mice. 25 μg of forskolin or SQ22536 dissolved in 25 μL DMSO were injected subcutaneously into the footpad; 25 μL of DMSO was administered as the solvent control. (a) Footpad thickness was measured at 0, 5, 17, and 49 h after injection; (b) cAMP levels in the treated footpads tissue. Mice were injected subcutaneously with 500 ng EF and 1000 ng PA (in 25 μL PBS), 500 ng EF(H351R) and 1000 ng PA or 500 ng EF(H351A) and 1000 ng PA; (c) Footpad thickness was measured at 0, 12, 24, 53, and 76 h after injection; (d) cAMP levels in the treated footpads tissue; (e) Comparison of right footpads treated with 1000 ng PA only (1), 500 ng EF and 1000 ng PA (2), 500 ng EF(H351R) and 1000 ng PA (3), or 500 ng EF(H351A) and 1000 ng PA (4). Mutant EF(H351A) induced modest edema, while wild-type EF caused much higher levels of edema; (f) and (g) Serial doses (0.5, 5, 50, 500, and 2500 ng) of EF, EF(H351R) or EF(H351A) in combination with double concentrations of PA were subcutaneously injected into the footpad; the degree edema at 24 h and 53 h after injection are shown. Significant differences between the groups are indicated by p-values. The p-values of the indicated groups versus the solvent control group are shown. Data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean based on n = 3 mice per treatment. At least two biological replicates were performed for each experiment. (** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05).