Table 1.

Common diseases of civilization.

• Metabolic syndrome	• Neurodegenerative diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases	• Alzheimer’s dementia
• Cancer	• Autism
• Osteoarthrosis, osteoporosis	• Depression
• Autoimmune disorders	• Schizophrenia
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Macular degeneration	• Chronic pain syndrome

The table lists those illnesses which—due to different diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors—are more prevalent in advanced agricultural and industrial societies as compared to hunter-gatherers, traditional pastoralists and horticultural communities, or have poorer outcome in the urban environment (after; Carrera-Bastos et al., 2011; Aseervatham et al., 2013; Ruiz-Núñez et al., 2013; Srivastava and Kumar, 2015).