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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Dec 17;39:118–127. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.003

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics and Performance on Standardized Neuropsychological Tests

Baseline Follow-Up t score
Age (years) 59.38 (11.73) 67.01 (11.29) −24.65***
Sex (M:F) 20:26 20:26 0
Years Education 16.53 (2.36) 16.53 (2.36) 0
MMSE 28.72 (1.41) 29.03 (1.07) 0.88
CESD 6.82 (8.17) 5.46 (5.95) 1.24
CVLT (total correct) 56.88 (10.77) 52.78 (9.80) 3.12**
Card Rotations (correct-incorrect) 98.89 (33.95) 94.04 (36.67) 1.13
Digit Span Fwd (total correct) 8.53 (2.26) 8.53 (2.18) 0
Digit Span Bkwd (total correct) 7.65 (1.95) 7.38 (1.89) .98
BVRT (total errors) 4.33 (2.93) 6.24 (3.39) −3.87**
Category Fluency (mean correct) 16.81 (2.83) 16.65 (3.45) .19
Letter Fluency (mean correct) 16.42 (4.64) 15.90 (4.74) .65
Trails A (time in seconds) 30.53 (8.34) 34.58 (12.32) −1.75
Trails B (time in seconds) 70.00 (26.37) 75.48 (28.66) −.91

Note. MMSE: Mini-Mental Status Examination; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CVLT: California Verbal Learning Test, Immediate Recall Trials 1–5; BVRT: Benton Visual Retention Test

**

p < .001;

***

p < .0001