Table 1. Recommended actions for reducing household air pollution and implications for the Sustainable Development Goals.

Sustainable Development Goal and Targets23	Recommended action
3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination	Implementation of WHO indoor air quality guidelines on household fuel combustion Housing improvements and modifications through education and enforcement of building standards Behavioural change through education at community meetings and outreach points
6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations	Promotion of biogas production at both household and community level
6.3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services 7.b: By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing states	Expansion of liquefied petroleum gas production facilities and distribution networks
7.2: By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix 7.a: By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology	Investment in renewable energy technology
11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums	Housing improvements and modifications through education and enforcement of building standards
11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management	Promotion of biogas production at both household and community level
12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
12.5: By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse	Promotion of biogas production at both household and community level
12.a: Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production	Investment in renewable energy technology
13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
13.a: Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly US$100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible	Investment in renewable energy technology
15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and increase afforestation and reforestation globally	Effective promotion and dissemination of improved cookstoves

US$: United States Dollars, WHO: World Health Organization.