Table 2.

Glycemic Outcome Measures of Closed-Loop Versus Open-Loop Using Sensor and Venous Blood Glucose (n = 12).

Time 18:00-18:00 (next day) (total of 24 hours)
Glycemic outcome measure	Closed-loop (n = 12) sensor glucose	Open-loop (n = 12) sensor glucose	P value	Closed-loop (n = 12) blood glucose	Open-loop (n = 12) blood glucose	P value
% time in target range, 3.9-10.0 mmol/l	71 (61.0 -73.8)	66.9 (55.4-82.5)	.9	68.4 (50.6-74.5)	76.5 (70.2 - 79.4)	.05
% time in euglycemia, 3.9-7.8 mmol/l	41.9 (27.0-59.5)	60.4 (40.2- 65.5)	.1	40.8 (25.8 - 51.0)	60.2 (46.9 - 73.5)	.02
% time in hypoglycemia, <2.8 mmol/l	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	1.7 (0.0-10.2)	.02	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	.08
% time in hypoglycemia, <3.3 mmol/l	0.0 (0.0-1.9)	4.4 (0.0-14.8)	.02	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	2.0 (1.0 - 2.1)	.01
% time in hypoglycemia, <3.5 mmol/l	0.0(0.0-4.0)	6.6(1.7-18.1)	.01	0.0 (0.0 - 0.1)	4.0 (1.0 - 6.1)	.01
% time in hypoglycemia, <3.9 mmol/l	3.0 (0.0-7.0)	17.9 (8.4-33.8)	<.01	0.0 (0.0 - 2.1)	12.2 (3.1 - 18.4)	.01
% time in hyperglycemia, >10 mmol/l	28.9 (23.6 - 36.8)	10.1 (7.7-15.1)	.01	31.6 (23.5-49.4)	12.5 (6.2-17.3)	.01
% time in hyperglycemia, >15 mmol/l	1.4 (0.0-5.0)	0.0 (0.0-1.2)	.3	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	.95
Glucose (mmol/l)	8.4 (1.1)	6.4 (0.8)	<.01	8.8 (1.2)	6.6 (0.9)	<.01
Low blood glucose index (0.0-6.9)	3.0 (0.9-4.9)	5.7 (3.8- 10.8)	.01	1.4 (0.4-2.6)	4.4 (3.0-5.8)	<.01
High blood glucose index (0.0-7.7)	6.9 (6.1-9.4)	5.0 (3.2-9.2)	.27	7.3 (5.5-11.4)	4.8 (3.3-6.8)	.01
No of CHO rescue in total	3	28	<.01	3	27	.01
Time 00:00-07:00 (total of 7 hours overnight)
% time in target range, 3.9-10.0 mmol/l	82.7 (69.0-100)	79.2 (29.0- 85.7)	.1	75.0 (52.8-100.0)	78.6 (60.2-100)	.84
% time in euglycemia, 3.9-7.8 mmol/l	59.5 (47.0-90.2)	66.7 (29.0-78.3)	.4	46.4 (28.6-98.2)	78.6 (54.7-100.0)	.07
% time in hypoglycemia, <2.8 mmol/l	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0 (0.0-4.5)	.08	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	.32
% time in hypoglycemia, <3.3 mmol/l	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0 (0.0-19.6)	.03	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0 (0.0-7.1)	.05
% time in hypoglycemia, <3.5 mmol/l	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	4.2 (0.3-31.0)	<.01	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	3.6 (0.0-7.6)	.02
% time in hypoglycemia, <3.9 mmol/l	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	20.8 (14.3-71.0)	<.01	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	21.4 (0.0-39.8)	.01
% time in hyperglycemia, >10 mmol/l	6.5 (0.0-31.0)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	.01	25.0 (0.0-48.2)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	.01
% time in hyperglycemia, >15 mmol/l	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	.3	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	—
Glucose (mmol/l)	7.5 (1.3)	4.8 (1.5)	<.01	8.1 (1.9)	5.0 (0.9)	<.01
Low blood glucose index (0.0-6.9)	0.8 (0.1-1.8)	5.8 (4.2- 9.4)	<.01	0.1 (0.0-1.7)	5.2 (1.9-7.0)	<.01
High blood glucose index (0.0-7.7)	2.8 (1.0- 6.9)	0.1 (0.0-2.0)	.01	5.1 (0.5-9.2)	0.1 (0.0-1.0)	<.01

Outcomes are expressed as median (IQR) unless stated otherwise.